Philips Power Supply PM2811 User Manual

®
PM2811-PM2812-PM2813  
PM2831-PM2832  
Programmable Power Supplies  
Users Manual  
4822 872 00824  
January 1997, Rev. 3, 5/98  
© 1997 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the Netherlands.  
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.  
 
LIMITED WARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY  
Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under  
normal use and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of  
shipment. Parts, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty  
extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller, and  
does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries or to any product which, in Fluke's opinion, has  
been misused, altered, neglected or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of  
operation or handling. Fluke warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance  
with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non-  
defective media. Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without  
interruption.  
Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-  
user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf  
of Fluke. Warranty support is available if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized  
sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to  
invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts when product purchased in  
one country is submitted for repair in another country.  
Fluke's warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke's option, to refund of the purchase price, free  
of charge repair, or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke  
authorized service center within the warranty period.  
To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center or send the  
product, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB  
Destination), to the nearest Fluke authorized service center. Fluke assumes no risk for  
damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer,  
transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke determines that the failure was caused  
by misuse, alteration, accident or abnormal condition of operation or handling, Fluke will  
provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work.  
Following repair, the product will be returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the  
Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB Shipping Point).  
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF  
ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO  
ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR  
PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT,  
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF  
DATA, WHETHER ARISING FROM BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BASED ON  
CONTRACT, TORT, RELIANCE OR ANY OTHER THEORY.  
Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or  
exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and  
exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is  
held invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect  
the validity or enforceability of any other provision.  
Fluke Corporation, P.O. Box 9090, Everett, WA 98206-9090 USA, or  
Fluke Industrial B.V., P.O. Box 680, 7600 AR, Almelo, The Netherlands  
 
SERVICE CENTERS  
To locate an authorized service center, visit us on the World Wide Web:  
http://www.fluke.com  
or call Fluke using any of the phone numbers listed below:  
+1-800-443-5853 in U.S.A. and Canada  
+31-402-678-200 in Europe  
+1-425-356-5500 from other countries  
 
Programmable Power Supplies  
I
CONTENS  
Page  
1
OPERATOR SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1  
1.1  
1.2  
1.3  
1.4  
1.5  
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1  
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1  
CAUTION AND WARNING STATEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1  
SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2  
IMPAIRED SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2  
2
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1  
2.1  
INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE  
POWER SUPPLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1  
2.2  
BASIC OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4  
2.2.1  
2.2.2  
2.2.3  
Local operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6  
Remote operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7  
Sense modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10  
2.3  
ADVANCED OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12  
2.3.1  
2.3.2  
Output channel interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12  
Multiple loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13  
 
II  
Users Manual  
3
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1  
3.1  
3.2  
3.3  
3.4  
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1  
INITIAL INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1  
OPERATOR SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1  
INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2  
3.4.1  
3.4.2  
3.4.3  
Mechanical installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2  
Electrical installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3  
Front Connection Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4  
3.5  
3.6  
OUTPUT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7  
3.5.1  
3.5.2  
3.5.3  
Output channel connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7  
GPIB connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8  
Trigger bus connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8  
ACCEPTANCE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9  
3.6.1  
3.6.2  
3.6.3  
Brief check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9  
Interface check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11  
Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12  
4
GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . 4-1  
4.1  
INITIAL SETUP OF YOUR POWER SUPPLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1  
4.1.1  
4.1.2  
Power up routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1  
Instrument identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2  
4.2  
FRONT PANEL LAYOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3  
4.2.1  
4.2.2  
Keyboard controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3  
Display indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6  
4.3  
4.4  
OUTPUT CHANNEL CONNECTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7  
GETTING STARTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8  
4.4.1  
4.4.2  
4.4.3  
Selecting an output channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8  
Setting an output voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9  
Setting an output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10  
 
Programmable Power Supplies  
III  
5
USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . 5-1  
5.1  
5.2  
5.3  
5.4  
5.5  
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1  
LOCAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2  
REMOTE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3  
OPERATING FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4  
HOW TO USE THE OPERATING FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7  
5.5.1  
5.5.2  
5.5.3  
5.5.4  
5.5.5  
Output channel characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7  
Local and remote sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10  
Constant voltage or constant current source . . . . . . 5-13  
Store/recall function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19  
Step functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22  
5.6  
ADVANCED USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28  
5.6.1  
5.6.2  
5.6.3  
5.6.4  
Parallel connection of output channels . . . . . . . . . . 5-29  
Serial connection of output channels. . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32  
Parallel connection of loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35  
Tips for Remote Sensing Applications. . . . . . . . . . . 5-36  
 
IV  
Users Manual  
APPENDIX A ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1  
A.1  
A.2  
Supplied with the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1  
Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1  
APPENDIX B SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . .B-1  
B.1  
B.2  
B.3  
B.4  
IEEE 488.2-1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1  
SCPI Std 1993.0 Confirmed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1  
SCPI approved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4  
SCPI syntax and style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5  
APPENDIX C ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS & TERMS. . . . . . . . . C-1  
C.1  
C.2  
C.3  
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1  
Glossary of symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5  
Glossary of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
APPENDIX D APPLICATION FOR PM2812 AND PM2813. . . . . . . D-1  
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1  
 
Programmable Power Supplies  
V
Thank you for purchasing this FLUKE power supply. It has been designed and  
manufactured to the highest quality standards to give you many years of trouble-  
free use.  
The powerful operating features have been combined with an easy and logical  
operation so that the full power of this instrument can be used every day. The  
main operating features are:  
Multiple output, dc power supply  
Output modules with various voltage and current ratings  
Suitable for GPIB as well as benchtop applications  
Conforms to SCPI and IEEE 488.2 standards  
Non volatile memory for 999 settings  
Power down memory (front panel settings)  
Readback of actual voltage and current  
Manual and automatic step function  
Overvoltage and overcurrent protection  
Overtemperature and sense protection  
Coupled protection of output channels  
Closed case calibration facility (protected by password)  
External trigger facilities (auto step)  
Built-in self-test and diagnostics routines  
 
VI  
Users Manual  
INITIAL INSPECTION  
Check the contents of the shipment for completeness and note whether any  
damage has occurred during transport. If the contents are incomplete, or if there  
is damage to the instrument or its accessories, notify the FLUKE sales or service  
office nearest you to facilitate the repair or replacement of the instrument or  
accessories.  
The following items must be included in the shipment:  
Programmable Power Supply  
Reference Manual English  
Operation Manual English, or  
Operation Manual German, or  
Operation Manual French  
Power Cord  
Two spare fuses  
Two mounting brackets (only for the 19 inch models)  
For further information, refer to APPENDIX A, ‘Accessories’.  
 
Programmable Power Supplies  
VII  
INSIDE THIS MANUAL  
This operating manual has been aimed at the experienced user as well as the  
user new to Programmable Power Supplies. It will help the reader to use and  
operate the power supply manually (local operation) or from a PC via the GPIB  
(remote operation).  
1) OPERATOR SAFETY  
Gives full information about safety aspects.  
2) INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY  
Describes what your power supply is and how you can use it.  
3) INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS  
Describes the steps necessary to prepare your power supply for use.  
4) GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY  
Describes how to get started with some commonly used functions of the  
power supply. A step-by-step tutorial describes how to operate the functions  
in the local (manual) mode.  
5) USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY  
Gives functional information about how to use the power supply in the local as  
well as the remote mode.  
Additional information is available in the following appendices:  
A) ACCESSORIES  
Gives a functional overview of the accessories that are supplied or can be  
ordered.  
B) SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION  
Gives information about versions of the confirmed and approved SCPI  
commands and queries.  
C) ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS & TERMS  
D) APPLICATION FOR PM2812 AND PM2813  
Gives support information to extend maximum current of the PM2812 or  
PM2813 by parallel connection of channels  
 
 
Operator Safety  
1 - 1  
1 OPERATOR SAFETY  
Read this page carefully before beginning to install and use the instrument.  
1.1 INTRODUCTION  
The instrument described in this manual is designed to be used only by qualified  
personnel.  
WARNING: Servicing described in this manual is to be done only by  
qualified service personnel. To avoid electrical shock, do not  
service the instrument unless you are qualified to do so.  
1.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS  
For the correct and safe use of this instrument it is essential that both operating  
and service personnel follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to  
the safety precautions specified in this manual. Specific warning and caution  
statements, where they apply, will be found throughout the manual. Where  
necessary, the warning and caution statements and/or symbols are marked on  
the instrument.  
1.3 CAUTION AND WARNING STATEMENTS  
CAUTION:  
Is used to indicate correct operating or maintenance procedures in  
order to prevent damage to or destruction of the equipment or other  
property.  
WARNING: Calls attention to a potential danger that requires correct  
procedures or practices to prevent personal injury.  
 
1 - 2  
Users Manual  
1.4 SYMBOLS  
Symbol  
Meaning of symbol  
See explanation in manual  
Earth  
Conformité Européenne  
1.5 IMPAIRED SAFETY  
Whenever it is likely that safety has been impaired, the instrument must be turned  
off and disconnected from line power. The matter should then be referred to  
qualified technicians. Safety is likely to be impaired if, for example, the instrument  
does not output the expected power or shows visible damage.  
 
Introduction to your PPS  
2 - 1  
2 INTRODUCTION  
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE  
POWER SUPPLY  
The basic function of your programmable power supply (PPS) is to supply a  
predefined dc voltage or current in a controlled way through an output channel.  
Your power supply model can have one, two or three output channels. Unless  
stated otherwise, the information in this manual applies to all models. For  
technical and environmental performance specifications, refer to the Reference  
Manual.  
REMOTE OPERATION  
The family of Programmable Power Supplies is primarily intended to be used  
in an automatic system environment programmed via a controller. For that  
reason the power supplies have been equipped with a GPIB interface and  
conform to IEEE-488.2 as well as the SCPI 1993.0 standards. For remote  
operation, refer to the Reference Manual (operating references).  
LOCAL OPERATION  
The power supplies can be used as bench-top instruments (stand-alone) via  
their keypads and displays. For local operation, refer to section 4.4 (getting  
started), section 5.4 (operating features) or the Reference Manual (operating  
references).  
Family overview  
PM2811/xyz  
PM2812/xyz  
PM2813/xyz  
PM2831/xyz  
PM2832/xyz  
Single Output System  
Dual Output System  
Triple Output System  
Single Output System  
Dual Output System  
Country Version  
1 = Euro  
3 = USA  
4 = UK  
5 = Swiss  
Revision Number  
1 = Standard Version  
5 = Version with Front Connection Option  
(see section 3.4.3).  
Number assigned to various output ratings.  
 
2 - 2  
Users Manual  
FRONT PANEL  
The front panel contains a keypad and LCD for dialogue with the operator.  
Local operation (manual) of the power supply is done via the keypad. The  
display is used for passing information to the operator, such as:  
response information for the operator, e.g., ADDRESS 12  
readback information, e.g., an output voltage and current  
status information, e.g., display of the REM text  
error messages, e.g., the OVERCURRENT message  
Display  
Single front panel (PM2811 only)  
Display  
Single, dual and triple output front panel  
 
Introduction to your PPS  
2 - 3  
REAR PANEL  
The rear panel contains connectors for the line power input, the output  
channel(s), the trigger lines, and the GPIB (IEEE 488) interface. A fan  
provides forced cooling of each output channel. The line power input module  
also contains the line fuses, line filter, and the power switch.  
For remote control, a GPIB (IEEE 488) connector for use with a GPIB  
controller is provided.  
Three SMB connectors for START, STEP, and READY are provided for  
external triggering of the step mode and recalling stored instrument settings.  
OUTPUT  
1
0
1
-S -V +V +S  
II
!
FUSES  
110V 2.5AT/250V  
220V 1.25AT/250V  
READY  
START  
STEP  
IEEE488  
ST5825  
Single rear panel (PM2811 only)  
OUTPUT  
3
OUTPUT  
1
OUTPUT  
2
0
1
W  
3A 0
30V 10A 60W  
-S -V +V +S  
-S -V +V +S  
-S -V +V +S  
!
FUSES  
110V 6.3AM/250V  
220V 3AT/250V  
READY  
START  
STEP  
IEEE488  
ST5824  
Output rear panel  
 
2 - 4  
Users Manual  
2.2 BASIC OPERATION  
The programmable power supplies offer a combination of programming  
capabilities and a variety of dc output power ratings that make them ideal for  
power systems applications. The +V and +S as well as the -V and -S terminals  
have been connected to each other at the factory.  
POWER  
SUPPLY  
+
-
l
+S  
+V  
-V  
o
a
d
output  
channel  
-S  
Each output channel can be programmed to the desired dc voltage or dc current  
(output function). Self-contained measurement and readback capability eliminate  
the need for using a separate multimeter to externally meter the output channel.  
The readback voltage and current of the selected output channel can be  
monitored on the front panel display (measure function). Protective circuitry within  
the power supply limits or turns off an output channel when an abnormal condition  
occurs. The following protection features have been implemented:  
OVERVOLTAGE and OVERCURRENT  
UNREGULATED OUTPUT  
OVERTEMPERATURE  
OUT OF SENSE CAPABILITY  
COUPLED PROTECTION (of output channels)  
Each output channel can operate as a constant voltage source (CV mode), or  
as a constant current source or current sink (PM283x only) (CC mode):  
As a constant voltage source the output voltage remains constant, while  
the output current changes due to fluctuations of the load.  
As a constant current source the output current remains constant, while  
the output voltage changes due to fluctuations of the load.  
 
Introduction to your PPS  
2 - 5  
After power on, the programmable power supply performs a self-test. If the  
selftest is succesful, the STANDBY, OPERATE, or CALIBRATION mode will be  
entered. In the OPERATE mode, an output channel can be in the ENABLED or  
DISABLED state (only multiple output models).  
power on  
SELF TEST  
STANDBY  
OPERATE  
CALIBRATION  
DISABLED  
ENABLED  
SELF-TEST  
After power on the power supply will test itself. Depending on  
the Power ON DEFinition (PONDEF), the STANDBY or  
OPERATE mode is entered. The CALIBRATION mode can be  
entered manually via the AUX key by pressing it during power  
up, or remotely via the GPIB controller.  
STANDBY  
OPERATE  
In this mode the power supply does not output power, i.e., all  
output channels have been shut off. It is possible, however, to  
verify or set voltage and current settings.  
In this mode the power supply is able to output a voltage or a  
current. For multiple output models each individual output  
channel can be disabled (DISABLED state) or enabled  
(ENABLED state). It is also possible to verify or set voltage  
and current settings.  
CALIBRATION In this mode the power supply can be calibrated. At the end  
of the calibration, the power supply will enter STANDBY  
mode.  
The following diagram shows the possible output channel states:  
OUTPUT CHANNEL  
DISABLED  
no power  
no power  
ENABLED  
no power  
Power supply STANDBY  
Power supply OPERATE  
power output  
 
2 - 6  
Users Manual  
2.2.1  
Local operation  
Using the front panel keys, you can program an output channel voltage or current.  
On the front panel display you can read back the actual voltage and current of the  
selected output channel. Operating information about the instrument and the  
selected output channel, as well as output-specific error messages, are shown on  
the display in the following ways (see the following figure):  
text  
annunciators, pointing at abbreviations on the front panel right below the  
display.  
PM28xx programmable power supply xxV/yyA/zzW  
• • •  
LCD display  
keypad  
text annunciators text  
abbreviations  
keypad  
keypad  
You can use the keypad as follows to control your power supply:  
control interface and general functions via a menu  
switch between the operate and standby mode  
set the supply to local control (if not remotely locked)  
reset the power supply, i.e., return to the ’power on’ state  
store/recall/step voltage and current settings (1 to 999) in the instrument’s  
battery backed-up memory (recall memory)  
You can use the keypad as follows to control one of the output channels:  
select an output channel (only for multiple output models)  
enable or disable an output channel (only for multiple output models)  
unmask, delay, or display the setting of bits in the fault register  
reset the overvoltage and overcurrent protection  
You can use the keypad as follows to perform an output channel setting:  
set or change the output voltage or current  
set the overvoltage trip level  
enable or disable the overcurrent protection  
 
Introduction to your PPS  
2 - 7  
2.2.2  
Remote operation  
Via the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB), you can program your  
programmable power supply to receive input data and to send output data. An  
example of input data (listener) is that a voltage and current can be programmed  
directly to the selected output channel. An example of output data (talker) is the  
readback voltage and current of the selected output channel.  
IEEE 488.2 compatibility  
IEEE 488.2 is a standard that is additional and complementary to the IEEE 488.1  
standard. Your programmable power supply conforms to the IEEE 488.2  
standard. For more information refer to the Reference Manual.  
SCPI compatibility  
SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) is a command  
definition standard for programmable test and measurement instruments. Your  
programmable power supply conforms to the SCPI standard. For more  
information, refer to the Reference Manual.  
 
2 - 8  
Users Manual  
The programmable functions have been implemented via the GPIB by means of  
the following SCPI subsystems:  
DISPlay  
voltage  
output  
SYSTem  
SOURce  
OUTPut  
channel 1  
CALibration  
INSTrument  
step  
sense  
ABORt  
input  
MEASure  
channel 1  
INITiate  
input/output  
channel n  
• •  
• •  
• •  
• •  
TEST  
STATus  
 
Introduction to your PPS  
2 - 9  
ABORt  
This subsystem is used for stopping the step function of the power supply.  
CALibration  
This subsystem is used for calibration of the instrument. Your power supply  
can be calibrated without removing the cover or removing the power supply  
from your rack measurement setup. This feature allows you to calibrate the  
power supply at its normal operating temperature. The recommended  
calibration interval is one year. Refer to the Reference Manual for complete  
calibration details.  
DISPlay  
This subsystem is used to control the front panel display.  
INITiate  
This subsytem is used to start up (initiate) the step function of the power  
supply.  
INSTrument  
This subsystem is used to control the instrument functions.  
MEASure  
This subsystem is used to measure (readback) output voltage and output  
current.  
OUTPut  
This subsystem is used to control an output channel.  
SOURce  
This subsystem is used for source and setting functions of an output channel,  
such as : - source definitions  
- voltage (protection) settings  
- current (protection) settings  
- automatic stepping  
STATus  
This subsystem is used for handling the device-dependent operational and  
questionable status information.  
SYSTem  
This subsystem is used to handle system and control functions, such as:  
- lockout front panel control  
- define the ’power on clear’ behavior  
- request for status information  
TEST  
This subsystem is used to test the instrument.  
 
2 - 10  
Users Manual  
2.2.3  
Sense modes  
Each output channel has been provided with a set of four terminals. The inner  
terminals have been marked as - V(oltage) and + V(oltage), while the outer  
terminals have been marked as - S(ense) and + S(ense).  
- S  
- V  
+ V  
+ S  
Each output channel can be connected to a load in two different ways:  
through the +V and -V terminals, causing the power supply to operate in  
its local sense mode.  
through the +V and -V and +S and -S terminals, causing the power supply  
to operate in its remote sense mode.  
Local sensing  
- S  
- V  
+ V  
+ S  
load  
At delivery the sense terminals are interconnected with the voltage terminals. This  
is called local sensing. If the voltage drop across both of the wires to the load is  
negligible, the voltage at the load will equal the programmed value.  
 
Introduction to your PPS  
Remote sensing  
2 - 11  
- S  
- V  
+ V  
+ S  
load  
If the voltage drop across the +V and -V wires to the load is substantial, the  
voltage at the load will be less than the programmed value. To prevent the voltage  
at the load from being less than the programmed value, the sense wires must also  
be connected to the load (remote sensing). This way of sensing allows the power  
supply to compensate for voltage drops in the wires between the power supply  
and the load. The sense wires must be connected directly to the load poles.  
Note:  
Long sense wires are susceptible to noise pickup. To minimize noise  
pickup, twist each pair of sense wires together. Shielding around the  
sense wires may be necessary in more extreme cases.  
 
2 - 12  
Users Manual  
2.3 ADVANCED OPERATION  
2.3.1  
Output channel interconnections  
Identical output channels can be connected in the following ways to increase the  
total output capability:  
In series to increase the output voltage capability. Refer to section 5.6.2  
"Serial connection of output channels" for more information.  
+
V1  
L
+
O
A
D
Vload = V1 + V2  
V2  
Parallel to increase the output current capability. Refer to section 5.6.1  
"Parallel connection of output channels" for more information.  
I1  
I2  
L
O
A
D
+
+
Iload = I1 + I2  
V1  
V2  
CAUTION:  
Only output channels with equivalent voltage and current ratings  
may be connected in series or parallel to prevent damage to one of  
the channels. For maximum output capacity, refer to section 5.5.1  
"Output channel ratings and characteristics". For more information  
about connections, refer to section 5.6 "Advanced use".  
 
Introduction to your PPS  
2 - 13  
2.3.2  
Multiple loads  
If more than one load is connected to an output channel, use separate wires to  
connect each load. This minimizes mutual coupling effects and takes full  
advantage of the power supply’s low output impedance. Each pair of wires should  
be as short as possible to reduce wire inductance and noise pickup to prevent the  
loads from mutually influencing each other, due to load fluctuations. The loads  
must be connected in parallel, not in series.  
- S  
- V  
+ V  
+ S  
+
+
load 1  
load 2  
CORRECT: Parallel connection of loads  
- S  
- V  
+ V  
+ S  
+
load 1  
load 2  
+
+
WRONG: Series connection of loads  
Note:  
To prevent noise pickup, you are advised to twist the sense wires and  
shield them from each other.  
In principle there is no restriction about the number of loads that can be  
connected. Remote voltage sensing is recommended if one load is more sensitive  
than the other(s); therefore, sense directly at the most sensitive load.  
 
 
Installation Instructions  
3 - 1  
3 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS  
3.1 INTRODUCTION  
This section contains instructions for the following:  
inspecting the contents of the shipment for completeness and/or damage  
during transport (initial inspection)  
ensuring the safety of the operator  
installing the power supply  
making the input and output connections  
performing the installation acceptance checks  
3.2 INITIAL INSPECTION  
Inspect the contents of the shipment for completeness and note whether any  
damage has occurred during transport. If the contents are not complete, or if there  
is damage, inform your FLUKE Sales and Service Center so that repair or  
replacement of the instrument can be arranged.  
Pay special attention to the following parts :  
accessories to be supplied (refer to Appendix A).  
front panel keys and display.  
rear panel connectors and terminal blocks.  
cabinet surfaces.  
The shipment must contain one power supply plus the accessories supplied. For  
a complete list of accessories supplied, refer to the INITIAL INSPECTION page  
in the front of this manual.  
3.3 OPERATOR SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS  
The instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication  
1010 for Class 1 instruments and has been supplied in a safe condition. This  
Operation Manual contains WARNING and CAUTION statements, that must be  
followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to keep the instrument in a safe  
condition.  
 
3 - 2  
Users Manual  
The instrument described in this manual is to be used by properly trained  
personnel.  
Do not remove the cover or perform any adjustment, maintenance, or repair  
unless you are qualified to do so and are aware of the hazards involved.  
Symbol  
Before connecting the instrument to line power, ensure that the  
power ground is functioning correctly. Before any other connection  
is made, the instrument must be connected to the earth (ground)  
conductor via the three-conductor power cord. The power plug  
must be inserted into a socket outlet provided with ground contact.  
The grounding protection must not be defeated by use of an  
extension cord without a ground conductor.  
WARNING : Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside  
the instrument or disconnection of the protective ground  
terminal is likely to make the instrument dangerous.  
Intentional interruption is prohibited.  
The instrument is shipped from the factory with a power cord that has a plug  
appropriate for the country in which it is sold. If a different power plug or power  
cord is required, contact your Fluke Sales and Service Center.  
CAUTION: When an instrument is brought from a cold into a warm environment,  
condensation may cause a hazardous condition; therefore, make  
sure that the grounding requirements are strictly adhered to.  
3.4 INSTALLATION  
3.4.1  
Mechanical installation  
The instrument is fan cooled and must be installed in a location that allows  
sufficient space at the three important sides: rear, left, and right. Each side must  
have a space of at least 1 inch (25 mm). The fan, located at the rear, cools the  
instrument by drawing air into the openings at the rear and exhausting it through  
openings on the sides. Each instrument output channel has its own fan.  
 
Installation Instructions  
3 - 3  
3.4.2  
Electrical installation  
Pre-installation checks:  
Read Chapter 1 "OPERATOR SAFETY" before making any connections.  
Before inserting the power plug into the power supply, ensure that the  
ground conductor is functioning correctly.  
Check that this instrument is suitable for the local situation as indicated on the  
model number plate (sticker) on the rear panel.  
NOTE : If the instrument must be wired to conform to local power, contact your  
FLUKE Sales and Service Center to have it modified.  
The power inlet module, located at the rear, is an integral power adapter and  
includes the power input socket, the holder for the two power fuses and the  
POWER ON/OFF (1/0) switch. The two power fuses are located behind the flap  
next to the power input socket.  
WARNING: When a fuse must be replaced, the instrument must be turned  
off and disconnected from the power. Refer to Chapter 2 in the  
Reference Manual.  
 
3 - 4  
Users Manual  
3.4.3  
Front Connection Unit  
Introduction  
This section describes the use and capabilities of the Front Connection Unit,  
mounted underneath the power supply.  
The Front Connection Unit provides the interconnections between the rear and  
front terminals.  
The following programmable power supply types have a front connection unit:  
single output model: PM2811/x5z  
dual output model : PM2812/x5z  
triple output model : PM2813/x5z  
single output model: PM2831/x5z  
dual output model : PM2832/x5z  
x = Number assigned to various output ratings  
z = Country version  
Basic operation  
Every output channel has been provided with four output terminals, a ground  
terminal, and a SENSE switch.  
FOUR OUTPUT TERMINALS  
The inner 2 banana sockets are for the power output, i.e., +V and -V. The outer  
2 banana sockets are for the sense input, i.e., +S and -S.  
ONE GROUND TERMINAL  
The ground (earth)terminal has been connected to the housing for grounding  
and shielding purposes.  
ONE SENSE SWITCH  
This switch enables you to select local or remote sensing.  
Note:  
Switching from remote to local or from local to remote may cause a  
sense break detection. To avoid this, it is advised to switch modes only  
at power off.  
Electrical properties  
The maximum voltage between any terminal and ground  
: 240 V  
The maximum current through an output terminal  
The maximum current that may be switched  
:
:
15 A  
4 A  
 
Installation Instructions  
3 - 5  
Local sensing  
The SENSE switch is in ’LOCAL’ position if S1 is ’closed’.  
+S  
+V  
S1  
Load  
-V  
-S  
S1  
CAUTION: Do not connect a load to the sense terminals +S and -S, because the  
maximum current through the switch is limited to 4 A. Currents  
exceeding this limit will damage the switch.  
Also make sure that the sense wires (used for remote sensing) are  
disconnected from the sense terminals to prevent current through the  
sense switches.  
Remote sensing  
The SENSE switch is in ’REMOTE’ position if S1 is ’open’. The sense terminals  
must be connected to the load.  
+S  
S1  
+V  
Load  
-V  
S1  
-S  
 
3 - 6  
Users Manual  
Half size model  
Full size model  
 
Installation Instructions  
3 - 7  
3.5 OUTPUT CONNECTIONS  
This section describes the following output connections:  
output channel terminals  
GPIB connector  
trigger bus SMB connectors  
3.5.1  
Output channel connections  
The number of the output channels of the various power supplies is indicated in  
the last figure of the model number (single, dual or triple).  
= PM2811 and PM2831 (single)  
= PM2812 and PM2832 (dual)  
= PM2813 (triple)  
OUTPUT  
CHANNEL 1  
OUTPUT  
CHANNEL 2  
OUTPUT  
CHANNEL 3  
Every output channel connector is identical and consists of four terminals, i.e., two  
Voltage output terminals and two sense input terminals. A load can be connected  
in one of the following ways:  
to the + and - voltage terminals (local sensing)  
to the + and - voltage and sense terminals (remote sensing)  
(local sensing)  
- V + V  
(remote sensing)  
- V + V  
- S  
+ S  
- S  
+ S  
load  
load  
WARNING: To prevent SHOCK HAZARD, turn off the power before making  
rear output channel connections. All wires and straps must be  
properly insulated, and connected with terminal block screws  
securely tightened. Before any connection can be made, the  
plastic terminal block cover must be unscrewed and removed.  
When the connections have been made, the plastic terminal  
block cover must be reinstalled again.  
 
3 - 8  
Users Manual  
3.5.2  
GPIB connections  
The GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) is identical to the IEC 625 or IEEE 488  
interface bus. At the rear you will find a 24-pin female connector in which the  
connector pinning assignment is in accordance with IEEE 488.2 - 1987. An IEEE  
cable connects your power supply via an IEEE interface board to a controller.  
NDAC  
DIO4 DIO2  
SHIELD SRQ  
DAV  
NR  
EO1  
ATN IFC FD  
DIO3 DIO1  
12  
24  
1
13  
GND GND  
REN DIO7 DIO5  
GND  
7
11  
9
LOGIC GND  
GND 10  
GND GND DIO8 DIO6  
ST6064  
8
6
Figure 3.4 IEEE 488/IEC 625 Connections  
3.5.3  
Trigger bus connections  
There are three SMB connectors at the rear: START, STEP, and READY.  
The modes and functions of the connectors are shown in the following table.  
NAME  
MODE  
FUNCTION  
START  
STEP  
input  
input  
output  
Enables stepping via the STEP input.  
Executes the next step.  
READY  
Indicates whether a step is finished (ready for the next step).  
The trigger bus connectors can be used to recall output channel settings from the  
recall memory. For more information, refer to section 5.5.5 "Step functions".  
 
Installation Instructions  
3 - 9  
3.6 ACCEPTANCE TESTS  
The acceptance tests give information about the correct operation of the  
instrument after installation.  
The interface test must be performed when using the programmable power  
supply for remote operation via the Controller/GPIB interface.  
3.6.1  
Brief check  
After turning on your power supply, the following self tests on the hardware parts  
will be performed automatically:  
ROM test  
RAM test  
GPIB controller test  
Microprocessor timer test  
Communication (D2B) test  
Display controller test  
ADDA output channel(s) test  
The tests will not show up on the display unless an error is detected. In the case  
of a hardware error, the following text + error code is displayed:  
ERROR n:ddd  
n
=
Indication of the error source.  
ddd = Summation of the decimal values of the  
individual errors.  
The following error codes are possible:  
n = 0: Main CPU error  
DECIMAL  
ERROR DESCRIPTION  
128  
64  
32  
16  
8
Display controller failure.  
Bank switch failure.  
Not used.  
D2B failure.  
IEEE controller failure.  
Processor timer failure.  
RAM failure.  
4
2
1
ROM failure.  
 
3 - 10  
Users Manual  
n = 1, 2, or 3: CPU error of output channel 1, 2, or 3  
DECIMAL  
ERROR DESCRIPTION  
Not used.  
128  
64  
32  
16  
8
ROM checksum error.  
Configuration checksum error.  
Calibration checksum error.  
Checksum error of the default settings.  
Processor timer failure.  
Not used.  
4
2
1
Output channel not responding.  
If the display is correct, character # will be displayed on the 16 character  
t t t t t t  
positions. Also the text (ENABLED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  
be displayed for 1 second.  
REM SRQ) will  
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
t
t
t
t
t
t
ENABLED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  
REM SRQ  
Next, the text INITIALIZING will be displayed for 1 second. If the mode after  
power on is OPERATE, the readback voltage and current will be displayed if the  
output is not DISABLED.  
If not in OPERATE mode, the display shows STANDBY.  
If a failure occurs during one of the tests, inform your FLUKE Sales and Service  
Center so that repair or replacement of the instrument can be arranged.  
These tests take a few seconds to run. The instrument will be ready for use when  
the message STANDBY or the readback voltage and current appears on the  
display.  
 
Installation Instructions  
3 - 11  
3.6.2  
Interface check  
To perform the GPIB interface check, the power supply must be connected to the  
controller via the GPIB; therefore, you need a GPIB interface card + software  
GPIB drivers + a programming language.  
The various parts of the following interface check must be executed sequentially.  
Your power supply goes into the remote state when the first command is sent via  
the GPIB. However, the results of programmed commands can still be monitored  
on the display, e.g., the readback voltage and current. Also the text REM will be  
displayed in the remote state.  
The interface check consists of the following parts:  
Check the GPIB address setting under the AUX menu.  
send IDN?  
Identification query  
read PHILIPS,PM28nn/xy,0,Va.b  
*
Notes:  
nn = 11, 12, 13, 31 or 32  
x is the model indication  
y is the hardware version  
a.b = the firmware version  
send TST?  
Read result of power on test.  
*
read <response_string>  
IF <response_string> = 0 THEN test result is correct  
ELSE display controller failure  
send :TEST:SYSTEM?  
Selftest power supply query.  
read <response_string>  
IF <response_string> = 0 THEN test result is correct  
ELSE the <response_string> = hardware error number  
send :INST:NSEL 1  
Select output channel 1 (only for  
multiple output models).  
send :TEST:INSTRUMENT?  
Selftest of the output channel 1.  
read <response_string>  
IF <response_string> = 0 THEN test result is correct  
ELSE the <response_string> = hardware error number  
Repeat this check for all available output channels.  
Note:  
For meaning of the hardware error numbers, refer to section 3.6.1 "Brief  
check" or to "Error Messages" in the Reference Manual.  
 
3 - 12  
Users Manual  
The following check can be executed for all available output channels. A choice  
has been made for output channel 1 of a multiple output model. For single output  
models, the output channel does not have to be selected and the channel  
indication will not be displayed.  
Use the SELECT key to select the output channel to be displayed (only for  
multiple output models).  
send :INST:NSEL 1  
Select output channel 1.  
send :OUTP:STAT ON  
Enable selected output channel.  
Read on the display: 1 S T A N D B Y  
ENABLED 1  
REM  
send :INST:STAT ON  
Set power supply in OPERATE mode.  
Read on the display: 1 x x . x x V  
y y . y y A  
ENABLED 1  
REM  
Note:  
The channel indication (n) and the text "ENABLED n" will be displayed  
only on multiple output models.  
If a failure occurs during one of the GPIB interface tests, inform your FLUKE Sales  
and Service Center so that repair or replacement of the instrument can be  
arranged.  
3.6.3  
Performance Verification  
If the brief check (section 3.6.1) and the interface check (section 3.6.2) pass  
successfully without error messages, you may carry out a performance check  
before starting to use the power supply.  
Appendix B in the Reference Manual gives a complete and simple procedure to  
verify the performance of your power supply.  
 
Getting Familair with the Power Supply  
4 - 1  
4 GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE POWER  
SUPPLY  
This chapter will help the user new to programmable power supplies.  
4.1 INITIAL SETUP OF YOUR POWER SUPPLY  
4.1.1  
Power up routine  
WARNING: Before you turn on your power supply, make sure that the  
power input voltage matches the power voltage specifications  
on the decal on the rear of your power supply. Refer to section  
3.4.2 "Installation" for instructions on how to check this.  
Turn the power on by pressing the switch at the rear. The power  
supply performs a series of self tests that last about 5 seconds.  
0
Normal self test indications  
After the power supply has executed the self tests, all characters and  
annunciators will be displayed, followed by the message INITIALIZING. At the  
end of the self tests, the supply is in the standby mode (STANDBY displayed) or  
in the operate mode (actual voltage and current displayed).  
Self test errors  
If a power-on self test fails, all output channels will remain disabled, and the  
display will indicate the type of failure and the output channel on which it occurred.  
If this is the case, refer to section 3.6 "Acceptance tests".  
 
4 - 2  
Users Manual  
4.1.2  
Instrument identification  
Your power supply can be identified by its model number and version number. At  
delivery the power supply has a default IEEE device address. To identify your  
power supply, proceed as follows:  
1) Start up the identification by pressing:  
AUX  
the  
A D D R E S S  
Note: The address aa is the actual GPIB device address (default = 28).  
2) Proceed with the identification by pressing:  
AUX  
key as many times as necessary to dislay the following:  
a a  
the  
P M 2 8 n n V x . x y : z z  
Note : - PM28nn is the model number of the power supply.  
key again so that the display shows the following:  
- Vx.x is the firmware version of the power supply.  
- y is the number of the output channel (1, 2 or 3).  
- zz is the firmware version of the output channel.  
The firmware versions of all output channels can be verified by pressing  
SELECT  
to change Y (output channel number) on the display.  
Note: The SELECT function is applicable only for multiple output models.  
ENTER  
3) Finish the identification by pressing:  
.
 
Getting Familair with the Power Supply  
4 - 3  
4.2 FRONT PANEL LAYOUT  
The following sections describe how to use the front panel control keys in  
combination with the 16-character display and the annunciators concerned. To be  
able to use the front panel keys, the power supply must be in the local mode. If  
LCL  
the supply is in the remote mode (REM text displayed), press  
.
If the power supply does not react after you press the LCL key, this key is disabled  
remotely by the Local Lockout (LLO) command from the GPIB controller.  
Pressing the front panel keys when the power supply is in the remote mode, will  
have no effect on programmed settings. It is, however, possible to view the actual  
settings on the front panel display, by using the front panel keys SELECT, V, I,  
OVP, DELAY, UNMASK, DISP, and AUX.  
4.2.1  
Keyboard controls  
The front panel keyboard controls the following power supply functions:  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
LCL  
AUX  
+
STORE  
RECALL  
STEP  
7
4
8
5
9
6
3
11  
12  
13  
14  
OUTPUT  
SET  
FAULT  
DELAY  
ON  
1
OPR  
STBY  
SELECT  
OVP  
RESET  
DISP  
V
V
I
2
OFF  
0
RESET  
ENABLE  
DISABLE  
OCP EN  
OCP DIS  
.
UNMASK  
ENTER  
+
I
ST6628  
25  
24  
23  
22  
21  
20  
19 18 17 16 15  
FUNCTION  
KEY  
DESCRIPTION  
OPR  
1
2
OUTPUT control  
Toggle between OPERATE and STANDBY.  
STBY  
SELECT  
Select an individual channel (applicable only  
for multiple output models).  
ENABLE  
DISABLE  
24  
3
Enable/disable the selected channel  
(applicable only for multiple output models).  
V
SET output  
Verify/set the output voltage of the selected  
channel.  
 
4 - 4  
Users Manual  
23  
4
I
Verify/set the output current of the selected  
channel.  
OVP  
Verify/set the overvoltage trip level of the  
selected channel.  
OCP EN  
OCP DIS  
22  
Enable/disable the overcurrent protection of  
the selected channel.  
DELAY  
UNMASK  
DISP  
5
21  
20  
6
FAULT handling  
Verify/set the reprogramming delay  
Verify/set the bit mask of the fault register.  
Show the contents of the fault register.  
RESET  
Reset the overvoltage/overcurrent/fail  
protection.  
+
+
V
I
7
Adjust output  
Adjust the output voltage of the selected  
channel. *)  
19  
Adjust the output current of the selected  
channel. *)  
*) Only in OPERATE mode.  
0
0
1
.
9
10  
17  
18  
16  
15  
Numeric input  
Input a decimal number.  
Turn off key.  
. . .  
OFF  
ON  
Turn on key.  
Input a decimal point.  
Erase previous key stroke (backspace) or  
leave the STEP function.  
ENTER  
14  
9
Enter the input value or exit the current  
function.  
1)  
AUX  
Instrument control  
Step through the following control functions:  
a) Enter the STEP MENU function (press  
ENTER).  
-
-
-
-
-
Set AUTO STEP function on or off.  
Program the step TIME INTerval.  
Set CONTINUOUS step function on or off.  
Define START AT entry of loop sequence.  
Define STOP AT entry of loop sequence.  
b) COUPLE voltage and current  
PARAmeters.  
 
Getting Familair with the Power Supply  
4 - 5  
c) COUPLE PROTection of all output  
channels.  
d) Set STandBY AT Power ON behavior on or  
off.  
e) Adjust the CONTRAST of the display (0-9).  
2)  
f) LOCK the KEYboard  
.
g) Verify/set the GPIB ADDRESS (0 - 30).  
h) Verify the identity and firmware version of  
the power supply + its output channel(s).  
i) Verify/set the CALlibration access CODE  
LCL  
8
Switch the power supply to local control.  
STORE  
11  
Store the voltage and current settings of all  
output channels (999 store addresses).  
RECALL  
12  
Recall the stored voltage and current settings  
from all output channels (999 recall  
addresses).  
STEP  
13  
Step from one recalled group of settings to the  
next group of settings.  
RESET  
25  
Pencil point operation push button to reset the  
power supply while power is on.  
1) The CALIBRATION mode is entered when you turn on the power supply while  
pressing the AUX key.  
2) To unlock the keyboard, press the ENTER key for approximately 5 seconds.  
 
4 - 6  
Users Manual  
4.2.2  
Display indicators  
In the OPERATE mode, the display can show up to 16 characters, which are  
refreshed four times per second.  
On the front plate just below the display, a number of status abbreviations, e.g.,  
CV (Constant Voltage), have been placed. Above each status abbreviation an  
annunciator ( sign) can be displayed to indicate the validity of the corresponding  
W
status abbreviation.  
The enabled output channels (1 to 3) in the OPERATE mode plus the REM and  
SRQ status abbreviations can also be displayed.  
Example of a voltage setting (Vset) for output channel 1:  
selected output channel  
selected function  
set value  
1
V
S
E
T
1
.
2
3
4
V
W
W
ENABLED 1 2 3  
REM SRQ  
STEP  
FLT CV CC OCP  
EN  
Note:  
The output channel indication is displayed only for multiple output  
channel models.  
Example of readback data for output channel 2:  
selected output channel  
readback voltage  
readback current  
2
5
.
0
3
V
0
.
2
6
3
A
W
W
ENABLED 1 2 3  
REM SRQ  
STEP  
FLT CV CC OCP  
EN  
Note:  
The output channel indication is displayed only for multiple output  
channel models.  
 
Getting Familair with the Power Supply  
4 - 7  
4.3 OUTPUT CHANNEL CONNECTIONS  
WARNING: To prevent SHOCK HAZARD, turn off the line power before  
making output channel connections or disable the output  
channel concerned. All wires and straps must be properly  
insulated, and connected with terminal block screws securely  
tightened. Before any connection can be made, the plastic  
terminal block cover must be unscrewed and removed. When  
the connections have been made, the plastic terminal block  
cover must be secured again.  
Each output channel has been provided with a set of four terminals. The inner two  
have been marked as - V(oltage) and + V(oltage), while the outer two have been  
marked as - S(ense) and + S(ense). At delivery the +V and +S, as well as the -V  
and -S terminals have been interconnected by straps.  
Rear view of an output channel connected to a load:  
(local sensing)  
(remote sensing)  
- S  
- V + V  
+ S  
- S  
- V + V  
+ S  
load  
load  
The voltage at the sense terminal(s) equals the programmed value. The voltage  
at a connected load may differ from the programmed value, because of a voltage  
drop depending on the resistance of the wires to the load and the current through  
the load.  
If the voltage drop is negligible, the load wires only have to be connected to the  
+V and -V terminals. This is called ’local sensing’.  
However, if the voltage drop is significant, the voltage at the load can differ from  
the programmed value. To prevent this, the straps between the +V and +S and -  
V and -S terminals must be removed and the load wires must also be connected  
to the +S and -S terminals. This is called ’remote sensing’.  
Note:  
The terminals have been shielded with a plastic block cover which must  
be removed before any connection can be made.  
WARNING: To avoid FIRE HAZARD, select a wire large enough to carry  
short-circuit current without overheating. Two factors must be  
considered when selecting the wire size for load connections:  
- Conductor temperature, i.e., the current-carrying capacity.  
- Total voltage drop, i.e., the wire length and thickness.  
 
4 - 8  
Users Manual  
4.4 GETTING STARTED  
The various parts of this tutorial must be executed sequentially. Before starting  
with this tutorial, make sure the power supply is in the local state. If the supply is  
LCL  
in the remote state (REM is displayed), press  
. If the REM text does not  
disappear, the LCL key is disabled remotely by the Local Lockout (LLO) command  
from the GPIB controller.  
If the display shows the measured output voltage and current of one of the output  
channels, the power supply is in the OPERATE mode. Before starting with the  
tutorial, set the power supply to the STANDBY mode by pressing  
the OPR/STBYkey.  
Notes:  
For multiple output models the selected output channel number n will  
be displayed.  
For a single output model the number n will not be displayed.  
4.4.1  
Selecting an output channel  
Make an output channel active as follows.  
If you have a single output model, skip the first three lines of the following  
sequence.  
SELECT  
Press  
to select the desired output channel.  
The display then shows the selected output channel.  
ENABLE  
Press  
to enable the selected output (if not already enabled).  
DISABLE  
The display shows: n S T A N D B Y  
ENABLED n  
OPR  
Press  
to set the power supply to OPERATE mode.  
x x . x x V y y . y y A  
STBY  
The display shows: n  
ENABLED n  
 
Getting Familair with the Power Supply  
4 - 9  
4.4.2  
Setting an output voltage  
Do not connect any load. The +V and +S terminals must be interconnected as well  
as the -V and -S terminals.  
1) Set the voltage of the selected output channel to 5V by pressing:  
V
5
The display shows: n V S E T  
5
V
ENTER  
2) Enter the output voltage setting by pressing  
Check that the display reads approximately 5V. Also check that the CV  
annunciator is on, indicating that the selected output channel is in the  
Constant Voltage mode.  
3) Program the overvoltage trip level to 7V by pressing:  
OVP  
The display shows: n O V S E T  
4) Enter the overvoltage trip level setting by pressing  
7
7
V
ENTER  
5) Set the voltage of the selected output channel to 8V by pressing:  
V
8
The display shows: n V S E T  
8
V
ENTER  
6) Enter the output voltage setting by pressing  
, and  
check that the display reads: n O V E R V O L T A G E  
7) Set the output voltage to 6V and reset the overvoltage protection by pressing:  
V
6
ENTER  
RESET  
Check that the display reads approximately 6V.  
 
4 - 10  
Users Manual  
4.4.3  
Setting an output current  
1) Turn off the power supply.  
2) Remove the plastic terminal block cover from the output to be tested.  
Connect a short circuit (jumper wire) between the - V(oltage) and + V(oltage)  
output terminals as follows:  
- S  
- V  
+ V  
+ S  
Note:  
The diameter of the jumper wire must be large enough to carry the  
maximum short-circuit current.  
3) Turn on the power supply. If the supply is in the STANDBY mode or if the  
selected output channel is disabled, repeat the tutorial commands given in  
section 4.4.1.  
4) Check that the CC annunciator is on, indicating that the output channel is in  
the Constant Current mode.  
5) Set the current of the selected output channel to 0.5A by pressing:  
I
.
5
The display shows: n I S E T  
6) Enter the output current setting by pressing  
check that the display reads approximately 0.5A.  
0 . 5  
A
ENTER  
, and  
7) Enable the overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) by pressing:  
OCP EN  
OCP DIS  
8) The display shows: n O V E R C U R R E N T  
The OCP EN annunciator is on, indicating that overcurrent protection is  
enabled. The CC annunciator should be off.  
 
Getting Familair with the Power Supply  
4 - 11  
9) Disable the overcurrent protection and reset the output channel by pressing:  
OCP EN  
RESET  
OCP DIS  
Check that the display reads approximately 0.5A.  
Also check that the CC annunciator is on, indicating that the output channel  
is in the ’Constant Current’ mode again.  
10) Turn off the power supply.  
11) Remove the jumper wire between the - V(oltage) and + V(oltage) output  
terminals and reattach the terminal block cover.  
 
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 1  
5 USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE  
POWER SUPPLY  
5.1 INTRODUCTION  
This chapter contains functional information about using your programmable power  
supply (PPS). It covers basic information, such as connecting a load to an output  
channel, and more advanced information such as the following:  
1) Connecting loads in parallel to an output channel.  
2) Connecting output channels in series to a load to increase the maximum  
output voltage or connecting them in parallel to a load to increase the output  
current.  
This chapter also contains information about main operating features and  
describes how to use those features. You can use your programmable power  
supply in one of the following ways:  
1) In a system environment, via a system controller (PC + IEEE interface). This  
is called "remote operation".  
2) As a bench-top instrument, using the front panel keys, indicators and display.  
This is called "local operation".  
Each output channel of the power supply is a dc power source with controlled  
limits for power, voltage, and current. An output channel can operate as a  
constant voltage (CV) source, as a constant current (CC) source, or as a constant  
current (CC) sink (PM283x only) depending on voltage/current settings and load  
conditions. The maximum output voltage or current is limited by the following:  
1) The maximum voltage and current cannot exceed the output channel-specific  
limits.  
2) The product of voltage and current cannot exceed the output channel-specific  
power limit according to the formula Vset x Iset Pmax.  
For output limits, refer to section 5.5.1 "Output channel ratings and  
characteristics".  
CAUTION: You may turn on your power supply if you are sure that the  
installation instructions as described in Chapter 3 have been  
followed. The power supply is ready for use within a few seconds  
after power-up. After a warm-up time of 30 minutes, your power  
supply meets the specifications listed in the Reference Manual.  
 
5 - 2  
Users Manual  
5.2 LOCAL OPERATION  
Local operation of your power supply is done through the front panel keys and  
display. Operational and error information is shown on the display. The keys are  
used for operator communication and have been placed into functional groups.  
This makes the functional use of the power supply very easy:  
OUTPUT control : control over the output channels  
SET output  
: setting a channel output  
FAULT handling  
: fault handling per output channel  
output adjustment : adjusting a channel output  
numeric control : input of figures or special keys  
instrument control : control over the instrument  
reset  
reset the power supply  
OPR/STBY  
SELECT  
set OPERATE or STANDBY mode  
OUTPUT control  
SET output  
select output channel  
*
ENABLE/DISABLE enable/disable output channel  
*
V
I
set output voltage  
set output current  
set overvoltage protection trip level  
enable/disable overcurrent  
protection  
OVP  
OCP EN/OCP DIS  
DELAY  
RESET  
UNMASK  
DISP  
verify/set reprogramming delay  
reset protection circuits  
verify/set fault mask  
display fault register  
FAULT handling  
- V +  
- I +  
adjust output voltage  
adjust output current  
output adjustment  
0 (OFF)  
1 (ON)  
2 ... 9  
figures  
numeric control  
(backspace)  
ENTER  
specials  
(dot)  
LCL  
gain local control  
AUX  
perform system functions  
store voltage/current settings  
recall voltage/current settings  
step through voltage/current settings  
instrument control  
STORE  
RECALL  
STEP  
Note:  
= applies to multiple output models only.  
*
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 3  
5.3 REMOTE OPERATION  
In the remote mode, pressing the front panel keys will have no effect on  
programmed settings. It is, however, possible to view the actual settings on the  
front panel display, by pressing the front panel keys SELECT, V, I, OVP, DELAY,  
UNMASK, DISP, LCL, and AUX.  
SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) is a standardized set  
of commands to be used for remote control of programmable test and measure  
instruments. It defines the syntax and semantics that the controller must use to  
communicate with an instrument, and is implemented in the instrument’s  
firmware.  
Please, read the users handbook ‘Standard Commands for Programmable  
Instruments? to get familiar with the SCPI and IEEE-488.2 standards. This  
handbook can be ordered at your local Fluke representative. See Appendix A for  
more information.  
 
5 - 4  
Users Manual  
5.4 OPERATING FEATURES  
Your programmable power supply is equipped with a GPIB interface, which  
conforms to the IEEE-488.2 standard and the SCPI protocol (Standard  
Commands for Programmable Instruments). The power supply can be  
programmed to operate in a remotely controlled instrumentation system via the  
GPIB.  
You can use each output channel of the power supply as a constant voltage  
source (CV mode), as a constant current source (CC mode), or as a constant  
current sink (PM283x only). There are three instrument types available:  
single output channel power supply  
dual output channel power supply  
triple output channel power supply  
A channel can have various output voltage and output current ratings.  
The operating structure and operating principles are identical for each instrument  
type and for each output channel.  
The following features have been implemented in each power supply:  
Power on self-test and diagnostics routines.  
Readback capability of the measured voltage and current of each output  
channel.  
Each output channel offers the ability to sense locally or remotely. For remote  
sensing, the sense terminals (+S and -S) must be connected to the load  
instead of the +V and -V output terminals; then the programmed voltage (Vset  
)
is guaranteed to be across the load, in spite of the voltage drop in the wires to  
the load.  
A nonvolatile memory (battery backed up). This enables you to:  
- store and recall voltage and current settings of all output channels  
(refer to section 5.5.4 "Store/Recall function")  
- save and recall the front panel settings (refer to the common  
commands SAV and RCL).  
*
*
In this way, stored settings can be recalled, even after a long period of power  
off.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 5  
Extended STEP possibilities, i.e., the capability to step sequentially through a  
number of predefined voltage and current settings. This can  
be done: - Manually using the STEP key.  
- Automatically at predefined intervals (internal timer)  
- Externally - by a STEP line trigger via the trigger bus  
- by a trigger via the GPIB interface  
You can use this feature to generate test patterns and simulate ramp  
functions. The following table shows in which operating modes the STEP  
capabilities can be used:  
TRIGGER SOURCE  
LOCAL OPERATION  
REMOTE OPERATION  
MANUAL  
AUTOMATIC  
STEP key  
AUX key  
Not possible  
:SOURCE:LIST:... commands  
:INIT / :ABORT command  
Trigger STEP line trigger  
EXTERNAL-STEP line  
EXTERNAL-GPIB  
STEP line  
not applicable  
TRG / GET command  
*
Closed-case calibration, i.e., your power supply can be calibrated without  
removing the cover or even without removing the instrument from your system  
cabinet. This feature allows you to calibrate your power supply at its normal  
operating temperature. The recommended calibration interval is one year.  
Refer to section 7.3.3 "Calibration" for complete calibration details.  
Protection circuitry for safe operation of your power supply:  
- by providing protection against OVERTEMPERATURE  
- by reporting an UNREGULATED output channel situation  
- by reporting conflicts in parameter settings  
- by reporting erroneous situations during operation  
Protection circuitry to protect a connected load:  
- against OVERVOLTAGE on each output channel  
- against OVERCURRENT on each output channel  
- against exceeding the sense capability on each output channel  
- with the ability to couple the voltage and current setting of the same output  
channel (not valid for the linear power supplies)  
- with the ability to couple the protection mechanisms of different output  
channels of the same power supply  
To increase the total output power, connect an output channel to another output  
channel of the same voltage and current ratings. The connection can be made in  
series or in parallel. The output channels to be connected can be from the same  
power supply or from different power supplies; however, the capability of coupling  
protection mechanisms is only possible for output channels within the same  
power supply.  
 
5 - 6  
Users Manual  
The following illustrations show the possible connections.  
SERIES connection to increase the total output voltage capability:  
+
+
V1  
L
V
load =V1 + V2  
+
O
A
D
Iload = Vload Rload  
/
Pload = Vload x Iload  
V2  
-
WARNING: To guarantee the safe use of the power supply, the total  
maximum voltage at each terminal must not exceed 240V  
with respect to ground.  
Examples:  
• 2x 60V/2A = 120V/2A  
• 2x 120V/1A= 240V/1A : maximum power = 240W  
• 2x 8V/15A = 16V/15A :maximum power = 240W  
: maximum power = 240W  
PARALLEL connection to increase the total output current capability:  
I1  
I2  
+
-
L
O
A
D
Iload = I1 + I2  
+
+
Vload =Iload x Rload  
Pload =Iload x Vload  
V1  
V2  
Examples:  
CAUTION:  
• 2x 60V/2A = 60V/4A  
• 2x 120V/1 = 120V/2A  
• 2x 8V/15A =8V/30A  
: maximum power = 240W  
: maximum power = 240W  
: maximum power= 240W  
Only output channels with equivalent voltage and current  
ratings may be connected in series or in parallel to prevent that  
the channel with the lowest ratings will be damaged.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 7  
5.5 HOW TO USE THE OPERATING FEATURES  
This section contains information about how to use the features of your power  
supply, such as:  
Dealing with output channel-specific ratings and characteristics.  
Performing local and remote sensing.  
Using an output channel as constant voltage or constant current source.  
Using the memory functions:  
- Store/recall voltage/current settings.  
- Step manually through voltage/current settings.  
- Step automatically through voltage/current settings.  
5.5.1  
Output channel characteristics  
PM2811/12/13  
Each individual output channel can supply power according to its output  
characteristic. Figure 5.5.1 below gives you information about the three possible  
output channel characteristics. The power output is rated and limited according to  
the formula: P (power) = U (voltage) x I (current).  
11  
10  
9
11  
10  
9
11  
10  
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
P=120W  
P=60W  
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
P=60W  
30  
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
12  
10 20  
12  
10  
0
610 20 30  
20  
0
60 70  
40 50  
VOLTAGE U (V)  
0
30  
60 70  
60 70  
40 50  
VOLTAGE U (V)  
40  
50  
VOLTAGE U (V)  
ST5835  
30V/10A/60W  
60V/5A/60W  
60V/10A/120W  
Figure 5.5.1 Output Channel Characteristics  
As an example look at the 30V/10A/60W output channel ratings:  
For voltages from 0 to 6V the current can increase to its maximum of 10A. For  
voltages > 6 to 30V, the current can increase to its maximum along the stated  
curve, e.g., 20V gives maximum of 3A.  
For currents from 0 to 2A the maximum voltage can be 30V. For currents > 2  
to 10A, the voltage can increase to its maximum along the stated curve, e.g.,  
5A gives a maximum of 12V.  
 
5 - 8  
Users Manual  
PM2831/32  
The following characteristic shows the work area of the output parameters. The  
linear system power supplies PM2831 and PM2832 can source as well as sink  
currents. There is, however, only one setting for current. When the power supply  
is used as a load, the value of the sink current will always track the positive  
setting.  
+V  
Pmax  
Pmax  
Vmax  
Constant voltage as well  
as constant current mode  
possible.  
Only constant current  
mode possible.  
ST6878  
1.5V  
Imax  
0
Imax  
A  
+A  
Figure 5.5.2 Output channel characteristics  
This characteristic shows that the power supply will output maximum power (only)  
at Vmax @ Imax and will absorb maximum power at Vmax @ -Imax  
Overcurrent protection, if enabled, will also work for sink currents that exceed Iset  
.
.
Overvoltage protection will work also for voltages applied from an external source,  
if the voltage from this source exceeds the overvoltage protection level.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 9  
Current sink characteristics PM2831/32  
The following figure gives an example that shows the sink characteristics of the  
power supply. The power supply is used as a constant current load for an external  
source, where the sink capability of the power supply is demonstrated.  
Overvoltage protection is set to the maximum level and overcurrent protection is  
disabled.  
V
V
source  
(External Constant  
Voltage Source)  
V
source  
0.6V+0.15V  
0.6V  
V
source  
A  
0
+A  
ST6841  
Iset_load  
Figure 5.5.3 Current sink characteristics  
The power supply and the external source (this may be another power supply) are  
set to the same output voltage: Vsource. There is no current flow yet.  
The current settings are: Iset_source > Iset_load  
.
The voltage setting of the load is gradually decreased by pressing the -V+ key. The  
change of the actual voltage setting is not visible on the display, because the display  
will show the constant voltage applied by the external source. But the voltage  
setting of the power supply can be made visible at any moment by pressing the V  
key. When the setting approaches Vsource - 0.6V, the power supply switches to the  
constant current (CC) mode at the level of -Iset_load. In this situation the negative  
current of the power supply tracks the programmed (positive) value Iset_load  
.
The voltage can be raised by pressing the -V+ key. When the setting approaches  
Vsource - 0.6V + 0.15V, the power supply will exit constant current mode and return  
to the constant voltage mode @ 0A.  
 
5 - 10  
Users Manual  
5.5.2  
Local and remote sensing  
All models have the ability to sense the output voltage locally or remotely. The  
wires between an output channel and the connected load have a resistance,  
which causes a voltage drop. If the voltage drop is not acceptable, remote sensing  
must be applied.  
1
2 Rlead  
+S  
+V  
Rload  
V
1
S
2 Rlead  
ST5836  
Figure 5.5.4 Voltage drop due to Wire Resistance Rlead  
.
The formula to calculate the voltage drop is Vdrop = Iload x Rlead  
:
Vdrop = the total voltage drop of both wires  
Iload = the current through the load  
Rlead = the total resistance of both wires between the power supply and the  
load  
Figures 5.5.5 and 5.5.6 show the difference between a local and remote  
connection has been indicated.  
CAUTION:  
To prevent shock or short-circuit you must set the power supply to  
the standby mode before making any changes in the output  
channel connections or you must disable the output channel (only  
possible for multiple output models).  
All the models and their output channels have the same terminal block (see the  
following diagram). This means that all output channels have the local or remote  
sensing feature. The load is supplied with power (voltage and/or current) through  
the output terminals -V and + V. The readback of the output voltage is done  
through the input terminals -S and + S.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 11  
Local sensing mode:  
Local sensing is used when the voltage across the load does not need to  
compensate for the voltage drop across the load leads. This may be the case  
when the following conditions exist:  
Short wires between the output channel and the load (Rload > Rlead).  
Low current through the connected load.  
+S  
+V  
Rload  
V
S
ST5837  
Figure 5.5.5 Connection of a Load in the Local Sense Mode  
Remote sensing mode:  
Remote sensing is used if the voltage accross the load must exactly match the  
programmed value; remote sensing will namely compensate for the voltage drop  
accross the load leads. This mode will be useful when the following conditions exist:  
Long leads between the output channel and the load (Rload Rlead).  
High current through the connected load.  
+S  
+V  
R load  
V
S
ST5847  
Figure 5.5.6 Connection of a Load in the Remote Sense Mode  
Note that with remote sensing, the readback of the load voltage is monitored at  
the load terminals. When using the remote sensing mode, it is necessary to twist  
the sense wires to avoid disturbance and noise pickup in the sense input  
terminals, which might cause instability of the output.  
During remote sensing, the power supply can compensate for voltage drops up to  
a specified minimum value. This is called the remote sense capability (see the  
Reference Manual, Appendix A). When the voltage drop exceeds this value,  
sense FAIL may occur. The output voltage and current are then reduced to zero  
and the display shows the FAIL message.  
 
5 - 12  
Users Manual  
When the sense leads are disconnected, the power supply goes into the local sense  
mode, as the V and S terminals are internally interconnected via resistors. Yet you are  
strongly recommended to interconnect the V and S terminals with the straps if you  
use the local sense mode, as open sense inputs are sensitive to noise. Moreover, the  
output specifications are not guaranteed when the sense terminals are open.  
Output modules with low voltage ratings may have less sense capability for output  
voltages in the upper part of the voltage range, e.g. the 8V/15A module for the  
sense range from 4V to 8V (see the Reference Manual, Appendix A).  
For power supplies with a Front Connection Unit, the sense capability is reduced  
with about 5mV/A per load lead.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 13  
5.5.3  
Constant voltage or constant current source  
Your power supply has been designed according to the automatic crossover  
principle. This means that each output channel will operate in the Constant  
Voltage (CV) mode or in the Constant Current CC mode, depending on:  
the programmed output voltage Vset and current Iset  
the resistance (impedance) of the load Rload, connected to the output channel  
For a given Vset and Iset, an output channel is either:  
Vset  
Vset  
in the CV mode if Rload  
or in the CC mode if Rload  
.
>
<
Iset  
Iset  
In the CV mode the output is a constant voltage, so the current through the load  
depends on the load resistance (Rload).  
In the CC mode the output is a constant current, so the voltage across the load  
depends on the load resistance (Rload).  
The following picture shows when the output channel goes into the CV or into the  
CC mode of operation, when connected to a variable resistor Rload  
.
R=(open circuit)  
Vset  
Iset  
Rload >Rc  
CV  
Rc=  
(crossover point)  
V(set)  
CC  
Rload <Rc  
R= (short circuit)  
0
ST5848  
I(set)  
Current  
Figure 5.5.7 Power Output Crossover Point  
If Rload increases (Rload > Rc), the output channel goes into the CV mode,  
reducing the current through the load.  
If Rload decreases (Rload < Rc), the output channel goes into the CC mode,  
reducing the voltage across the load.  
 
5 - 14  
Users Manual  
To protect the load against excessive currents, the maximum current Iset can be  
programmed, and the overcurrent protection can be enabled.  
To protect the load against excessive voltages, the overvoltage protection level  
OVPset can be programmed.  
LIMITATIONS  
The output power is limited by:  
the output specific maximum power Pmax, according to the formula:  
Iset x Vset <= Pmax  
RESTRICTIONS  
The output voltage is restricted by:  
the output specific maximum voltage, or  
the overvoltage protection level OVPset  
Note:  
When the output voltage exceeds the overvoltage protection level,  
both the output voltage and current are reduced to zero.  
The output current is restricted by:  
the output specific maximum current, or  
the programmed maximum current level Iset  
Note:  
If the overcurrent protection has been enabled and the output current  
exceeds the maximum current (Iset), the output voltage and current  
are reduced to zero.  
If the overcurrent protection has been disabled, the output current  
will be kept at its maximum (Iset). The consequence is that the output  
voltage will not reach its programmed value (Vset), and the output  
channel will go into the CC mode.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
Example for a variable load resistance:  
5 - 15  
+
+
power  
output  
Vset  
OVPset  
Iset  
Vset = Voltage programmed  
Iset = Current programmed  
Rload = 2to 20(variable)  
load  
-
-
Required: The Vset and Iset parameter have been coupled for the selected  
output channel.  
• ISet = 1A  
Programmed current becomes 1A.  
• Vset = 8V Programmed voltage becomes 8V.  
The crossover point resistance Rc = Vset / Iset = 8.  
• If Rload increases from 8to 16Ω, then Rload > Rc, so the output channel goes  
into the CV mode (refer to figure 5.5.7). This means that Vload = 8V and  
Iload becomes 8V/16= 0.5A.  
• If Rload decreases from 8to 4Ω, then Rload < Rc, so the output channel goes  
into the CC mode (refer to figure 5.5.7). This means that Iload = 1A and Vload  
becomes 1A x 4= 4V.  
Example for a fixed load resistance:  
+
+
-
Vset  
OVPset = OverVoltage programmed  
Iset = Current programmed  
= Voltage programmed  
power  
output  
Vset  
OVPset  
Iset  
load  
-
Required: - Fixed load resistance Rload = 10.  
- Overcurrent protection disabled (OCP DIS).  
- The Vset and Iset parameter have not been coupled.  
 
5 - 16  
Users Manual  
• Iset = 0.5A  
• OVPset = 7V Overvoltage protection trip level becomes 7V.  
Sequentially the voltages 2V, 4V, 6V, and 8V will be programmed:  
Maximum current through the load becomes 0.5A.  
• Vset = 2V  
• Vset = 4V  
• Vset = 6V  
Iload = Vset / Rload =2V/10= 0.2A.  
The output channel stays in the CV mode.  
Iload = Vset / Rload = 4V/10= 0.4A.  
The output channel stays in the CV mode.  
Iload = Vset / Rload = 6V/10= 0.6A. However, the maximum  
output current (0.5A) is going to be exceeded. Therefore, the  
current through the load becomes 0.5A and the voltage  
across the load is limited at 0.5A x 10= 5V.  
The output channel goes into the CC mode.  
• Iset = 1A  
The maximum current through the load becomes 1A.  
Iload = Vset / Rload = 6V/10= 0.6A. The voltage across the  
load becomes 0.6A x 10= 6V.  
The output channel goes back into the CV mode.  
• Vset = 8V  
Now the overvoltage protection trip level OVPset (7V) is going  
to be exceeded. This will activate the overvoltage protection  
circuitry, so the output voltage and current will be reduced to  
zero. Also the message OVERVOLTAGE will be displayed.  
• OVPset = 9V The overvoltage protection trip level becomes 9V.  
• RESET  
The overvoltage protection circuitry is reset, and the voltage  
across the load becomes 8V.  
Iload = Vset / Rload = 8V/10= 0.8A.  
The output channel remains in the CV mode.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
Local control (in CV or CC mode):  
5 - 17  
V
The voltage Vset can be set using the  
Example:  
key and the numeric input keys.  
Press the V key to start the voltage setting.  
Press the keys 3, . (dot), 4 and ENTER to enter the setting of 3.4V.  
I
The current Iset can be set using the  
Example:  
key and the numeric input keys.  
Press the I key to start the current setting.  
Press the keys 0, dot (.), 2, 3 and ENTER to enter the setting of 0.23A.  
OVP  
The overvoltage protection level OVPset can be set using the  
the numeric input keys.  
key and  
Example:  
Press the OVP key to initiate the overvoltage setting.  
Press the keys 7 and ENTER to enter the overvoltage setting of 7V.  
OCP EN  
OCP DIS  
The overcurrent protection can be enabled/disabled using the  
Example:  
key.  
Press the OCP EN/OCP DIS key.  
IF OCP was enabled THEN OCP is disabled  
ELSE OCP is enabled.  
OCP  
EN  
IFOCPhasbeenenabled,theannunciatorabovethetext  
willbedisplayed.  
An overcurrent or overvoltage trip protection can be reset by pressing the  
RESET  
key.  
The display of OVERCURRENT or OVERVOLTAGE will also  
disappear.  
In the CV mode, the annunciator above the text CV will be displayed.  
In the CC mode, the annunciator above the text CC will be displayed.  
 
5 - 18  
Users Manual  
Remote control (in CV or CC mode):  
The voltage Vset can be programmed by the SOURCE subsystem command:  
[:SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]  
The voltage Vset can be requested by the SOURCE subsystem query:  
[:SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]?  
The output voltage can be read back by the MEASURE subsystem query:  
:MEASure[:SCALar]:VOLTage[:DC]?  
Example:  
Send :VOLT 3.4  
Send :VOLT?  
Read set_voltage  
Print set_voltage  
Send :MEAS:VOLT?  
Read meas_voltage  
Print meas_voltage  
Set 3.4V.  
Send request voltage setting.  
Read voltage setting.  
Display voltage setting.  
Send readback query.  
Read output voltage.  
Display measured voltage.  
The current Iset can be programmed by the SOURCE subsystem command:  
[:SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]  
The current Iset can be requested by the SOURCE subsystem query:  
[:SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]?  
The output current can be read back by the MEASURE subsystem query:  
:MEASure[:SCALar]:CURRent[:DC]?  
Example:  
Send :CURR 0.23  
Send :CURR?  
Read set_current  
Print set_current  
Send :MEAS:CURR?  
Read meas_current  
Print meas_current  
Set 0.23A.  
Send request current setting.  
Read current setting.  
Display current setting.  
Send readback query.  
Read output current.  
Display measured current.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 19  
The overvoltage protection level OVPset can be programmed by the SOURCE  
subsystem command: [:SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel]  
The overvoltage protection level OVPset can be requested by the SOURCE  
subsystem query:  
Example:  
[:SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel]?  
Send :VOLT:PROT 7  
Send :MEAS:PROT?  
Read meas_over_voltage  
Print meas_over_voltage  
Set 7V protection level.  
Send readback query.  
Read overvoltage protection level.  
Display overvoltage protection level.  
Theovercurrentprotectioncanbeenabled/disabledbytheSOURCEsubsystemcommand:  
[:SOURce]:CURRent:PROTection:STATe  
Example:  
Send :CURR:PROT:STAT ON Enable overcurrent protection.  
Send :CURR:PROT:STAT OFF Disable overcurrent protection.  
5.5.4  
Store/recall function  
Your programmable power supply has a recall memory (battery backed up) to be  
used for storing and recalling voltage and current settings of all output channels.  
The battery back up feature ensures that the stored values will be kept in memory  
during power-off. The recall memory consists of 999 addresses, numbered from  
1 to 999. A recall memory address contains space for the voltage and current  
setting of all available output channels.  
output channel 3  
output channel 2  
output channel 1  
address 1  
address 2  
voltage 1  
voltage 2  
current 1  
current 2  
address 998 voltage 998 current 998  
address 999 voltage 999 current 999  
 
5 - 20  
Users Manual  
At delivery the contents of all addresses are set to their minimum value. When an  
address has been filled, its contents can be recalled, so that the settings become  
actual. The actual settings can be updated in OPERATE and STANDBY modes,  
but they are only active in the OPERATE mode. When the power supply is in the  
STANDBY mode, the actual settings will become active as soon as the OPERATE  
mode is entered.  
Note:  
To remember which locations have been programmed and which have  
not, keep a record (such as the following) of which locations have been  
used.  
MEMORY  
OUTPUT CHANNEL 1  
VOLTAGE CURRENT  
2.0 0.00  
OUTPUT CHANNEL 2  
VOLTAGE CURRENT  
5.9 0.90  
ADDRESS  
01  
02  
03  
04  
1.9  
1.8  
etc.  
0.10  
0.20  
etc.  
5.8  
5.7  
etc.  
0.80  
0.70  
etc.  
Local control (store/recall):  
V
The voltage Vset can be set using the  
key and the numeric input keys.  
+
V
The output voltage can be adjusted using the  
key in the OPERATE mode.  
I
The current Iset can be set using the  
key and the numeric input keys.  
+
I
The output current can be adjusted using the  
key in the OPERATE mode.  
STORE  
The actual voltage/current setting can be stored using the  
key.  
The actual voltage/current setting can be recalled using the RECALL key.  
Example:  
REQUIREMENTS : Fill the memory address 23 with 5V/0.3A and the  
memory addresses 33, 34, and 35 with, respectively,  
4V/1A, 3V/1A and 2V/1A for output channel 1.  
SOLUTION:  
OPR  
STBY  
Press  
to make the STANDBY mode active.  
SELECT  
For multiple output units, press  
a number of times until output  
channel 1 has been selected (see indication 1 on the display).  
V
5
ENTER  
Press  
Press  
Press  
to set the actual voltage at 5V.  
to set the actual current at 0.3A.  
I
3
3
ENTER  
ENTER  
STORE  
2
to store the 5V and 0.3A at memory address 23.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 21  
V
I
4
1
3
3
3
2
3
ENTER  
ENTER  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
to set the actual voltage at 4V.  
to set the actual current at 1A.  
STORE  
V
3
ENTER  
to store the 4V and 1A at memory address 33.  
ENTER  
to set the actual voltage at 3V.  
STORE  
V
4
ENTER  
to store the 3V and 1A at memory address 34.  
ENTER  
to set the actual voltage at 2V.  
STORE  
5
ENTER  
to store the 2V and 1A at memory address 35.  
Verify the programmed memory addresses, using RECALL and the numeric  
V
I
input keys plus  
and  
ENTER . Press  
to verify the current of 0.3A.  
keys, e.g.:  
RECALL  
2
3
V
Press  
to verify the voltage of 5V. Press  
I
Remote control (store/recall):  
The recall memory voltage can be programmed using the  
[:SOURce]:LIST:VOLTage command.  
The recall memory current can be programmed using the  
[:SOURce]:LIST:CURRent command.  
The actual memory address index (1 to 999) can be selected using the  
[:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect] command.  
Example:  
REQUIREMENTS : Fill the memory address 23 with 5V/0.3A and the  
memory addresses 33, 34, and 35 with, respectively,  
4V/1A, 3V/1A and 2V/1A for output channel 1.  
SOLUTION:  
Send :INST:STAT OFF  
Send :INST:NSEL 1  
Send :LIST:IND 23  
Send :LIST:VOLT 5  
Send :LIST:CURR 0.3  
Send :LIST:IND 33  
Send :LIST:VOLT 4,3,2  
STANDBY mode active.  
Output channel 1 selected.  
Address 23 selected.  
5V/0.3A stored at address 23.  
Address 33 selected.  
4V, 3V, and 2V, stored at respectively, the  
addresses 33, 34, and 35.  
Send :LIST:CURR 1,1,1  
1A stored at the addresses 33, 34, and 35.  
 
5 - 22  
Users Manual  
5.5.5  
Step functions  
When a list of memory addresses has been filled with voltage and current  
settings, it can be used in one of the following ways:  
1) AUTO_STEP OFF:  
This will invoke the manual step function, i.e., the next step is initiated by  
the operator. For instance by manually stepping through a list of  
predefined voltages and currents, a test pattern of voltage and current  
settings will be generated. The manual stepping will be executed for all  
enabled output channels. Refer to section "Manual step function" on this  
page.  
2) AUTO_STEP ON:  
This will invoke the automatic step function, i.e. the next step is initiated  
when the interval time has expired. For instance by automatically stepping  
through a list of sequential voltages and currents, a voltage/current ramp  
function will be executed. The start and stop address of the sequential list  
and the interval time between two consecutive steps can be programmed.  
Stepping can be done in one of the following ways:  
3) CONTINUOUS_STEP OFF:  
The predefined sequence of memory addresses is executed only once.  
4) CONTINUOUS_STEP ON:  
The predefined sequence of memory addresses is executed continuously,  
i.e., repeatedly from start to stop address.  
Stepping will be executed for all enabled output channels. Refer to section  
"Automatic step function" on the next page.  
Manual step function:  
STEP  
The manual step function can be executed locally, using the  
key.  
The AUTO_STEP function can be set ON or OFF via the STEP MENU under the  
AUX  
key.  
Example:  
REQUIREMENTS :  
Step manually through the predefined list of voltage and current settings,  
stored at the memory addresses 20 to 40. The voltage and current settings  
must be output for channel 1. Output channel 2 must be disabled.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 23  
SOLUTION:  
AUX ENTER  
Press  
to enter the STEP submenu.  
Check that the AUTO STEP is OFF, or press the OFF (0) key to set the  
AUTO STEP function off.  
ENTER  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
to leave the STEP submenu.  
SELECT  
(only for multiple output models) to select output channel 1.  
to enable output channel 1.  
ENABLE  
DISABLE  
SELECT  
(only for multiple output models) to select output channel 2.  
to disable output channel 2.  
ENABLE  
DISABLE  
SELECT  
as many times as necessary to select output channel 1 again.  
to make the OPERATE mode active.  
OPR  
STBY  
STEP  
to enter the step mode.  
2
0
ENTER  
to select start address 20 of the list.  
The display reads: 1 S T E P 2 0 . . . . . . .  
V
LOOP:  
Press  
if you want to see the actual voltage on output  
channel 1 at the memory address as indicated on the display.  
I
Press  
if you want to see the actual current from output  
channel 1 at the memory address as indicated on the display.  
STEP  
Press  
to select the next memory address of the list.  
Repeat this loop until step 40 is made active.  
ENDLOOP  
SELECT  
Press  
The display reads: 2 S T E P 4 0 D I S  
Press to leave the step mode.  
to select output channel 2.  
Remark: When the next step is executed, the next voltage and current  
setting in the list is made active and output on the selected  
channel.  
Automatic step function  
Local control (automatic stepping):  
The AUTO STEP function, the CONTINUOUS STEP function, the step interval  
AUX  
time, the START address, and the STOP address can be set via the  
key.  
STEP  
The automatic step function can be started by pressing the  
key.  
 
5 - 24  
Users Manual  
Example:  
REQUIREMENTS:  
Step automatically through the predefined list of voltage and current  
settings stored at the memory addresses 20 to 40. When the end of the list  
is reached, it must be started again at the beginning. The next voltage and  
current setting must be output for channel 1 at an interval time of 5  
seconds.  
SOLUTION:  
AUX ENTER  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
Press  
to enter the STEP submenu.  
1
to set the AUTO STEP function on.  
AUX  
to set the TIME INTerval function.  
5
ENTER  
to set the interval time at 5 seconds.  
to set the CONTINUOUS step function.  
to set the CONTINUOUS step function on.  
AUX  
1
AUX  
to set the START AT function.  
2
0
ENTER  
to set the start address of the sequence list at 20.  
AUX  
to set the STOP AT function.  
4
0
ENTER  
to set the stop address of the sequence list at 40.  
ENTER  
SELECT  
to leave the AUX menu.  
(only for multiple output models) to select output channel 1.  
to enable output channel 1.  
ENABLE  
DISABLE  
OPR  
to make the OPERATE mode active.  
to enter the step mode.  
STBY  
STEP  
2
0
to select start address 20 of the list.  
The display reads : 1 S T E P T O 2 0  
ENTER  
Press  
to initiate the automatic stepping.  
Check that the memory address is automatically incremented every  
5 seconds on the display.  
Exit the automatic stepping by pressing the (backspace) key. The last  
recalled voltage and current setting remain active.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 25  
Remote control (automatic stepping):  
The actual memory address index (1 to 999) can be selected using the  
[:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect] command. The selected memory address can  
be requested by means of the [:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect]? query.  
A sequence list of memory addresses can be defined using the  
[:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STARt and [:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STOP  
commands.  
A sequence list of memory addresses can be reported using the  
[:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STARt? and [:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STOP?  
queries.  
The length of a sequence list, i.e., the number of voltage and current points, can  
be requested by the [:SOURce]:LIST:VOLTage:POINts? and  
[:SOURce]:LIST:CURRent:POINts? queries.  
The step interval time can be defined by the [:SOURce]:LIST:TIMer command and  
can be requested by the [:SOURce]:LIST:TIMer? query.  
The source of the next step in the sequence list (the step trigger) can be defined  
and requested by the [:SOURce]:LIST:SOURce command, respectively the  
[:SOURce]:LIST:SOURce? query. The following sources are possible:  
If source = TIMer, the internal timer of the power supply is used to count  
the step interval time.  
If source = EXTernal or BUS, the active trigger source depends on whether  
the START line of the trigger bus at the rear of the power supply is active  
or not. If active, step pulses from the external STEP input will cause the  
next step to be performed. If not active, the next step will be performed  
after the TRG command or after the GET trigger command.  
*
The execution of a sequence list can be started using the :INITiate[:IMMediate]  
command. The first address is the START address, and the last address is the  
STOP address.  
A sequence list can be executed continuously by means of the  
:INITiate:CONTinuous command.  
The execution of a sequence list can be stopped by means of the :ABORt  
command. If the execution is stopped, the last recalled voltage and current setting  
remain active.  
 
5 - 26  
Users Manual  
Example:  
REQUIREMENTS:  
Step automatically through the predefined list of voltage and current  
settings, stored at the memory addresses 20 through 40. When the end of  
the list is reached, it must be started again at the beginning. The next  
voltage and current setting must be output for channel 1 at an interval time  
of 5 seconds.  
SOLUTION:  
Send :LIST:SOUR TIM  
The next step is automatically initiated by  
the internal timer.  
Send :LIST:TIM 5.0  
Set the interval time at 5 seconds.  
Send :LIST:SEQ:START 20 Set the start address of the sequence list  
at 20.  
Send :LIST:SEQ:STOP 40 Set the stop address of the sequence list  
at 40.  
Send :INST:NSEL 1  
Send :OUTP:STAT ON  
Send :INST:STAT ON  
Send :INIT:CONT ON  
Send :INIT  
Select output channel 1.  
Enable output channel 1.  
Make OPERATE mode active.  
Set the CONTINUOUS step function on.  
Initiate the automatic stepping.  
.
Check the display of the power supply to verify that the memory address  
is automatically incremented every 5 seconds.  
.
Send :ABORT  
Exit the automatic stepping.  
Check that the last recalled voltage and current setting remain active.  
External step functions  
There are three SMB connectors at the rear: START, STEP, and READY.  
The modes and functions of the connectors are shown in the following table.  
NAME  
MODE  
input  
FUNCTION  
START  
Enables stepping via the STEP input.  
STEP  
input  
Executes the next step.  
READY  
output  
Indicates whether a step is finished (ready for  
the next step).  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 27  
There is a standard GPIB interface connector at the rear. The GPIB interface  
software supports complete trigger capability.  
If the trigger source = TIMer, the internal timer of the power supply is used to count  
the interval time between two consecutive steps.  
If the trigger source = EXTernal or BUS, the active trigger source depends on  
whether or not the START line of the trigger bus at the rear is active.  
EXTERNAL STEPPING (via the trigger bus)  
If the START line is active (LOW), step pulses from the external STEP input  
line will cause the next step to be performed.  
EXTERNAL STEPPING (via the GPIB)  
If the START line is not active (HIGH), the next step will be performed on the  
receipt of the TRG command or the GET code via the GPIB.  
*
Note:  
LOW = 0 to 0.8V and HIGH = 2 to 5V  
Trigger bus control:  
External stepping via the trigger bus can be done in two ways:  
1) In the synchronous mode:  
In this mode all three bus signal lines have their own functions.  
2) In the asynchronous mode:  
In this mode the READY line is externally connected to the START line.  
To control the recall memory via the trigger bus, the STEP mode may not be  
automatic, and the START input line must be pulled LOW. This will enable the  
STEP line to trigger the next step to be executed (external triggering). Pulling the  
START line LOW will also disable the manual STEP key.  
When enabled, a STEP pulse will trigger the step mechanism. The leading edge  
of the STEP pulse makes the READY line active (LOW) within 100 nanoseconds.  
The READY line will be released when the internal processing is finished and the  
STEP line is HIGH. The internal processing time does not include the  
reprogramming delay time. It is the responsibility of the user to choose a STEP  
rate that is not too high for the power supply and its load condition, so that the  
output can settle within the STEP time.  
Note:  
STEP pulses, received while the READY line is low, will be ignored.  
 
5 - 28  
Users Manual  
GPIB control:  
GPIB control can only be done in the remote mode of operation. An external  
trigger can be programmed in the following ways:  
Send TRG  
By sending the common command TRG to the power  
supply.  
*
*
Send GET  
By sending the GET (Group Execute Trigger) code over  
the GPIB interface.  
5.6 ADVANCED USE  
This section describes how to connect several output channels (with the same  
ratings) to obtain higher output power through a connected load.  
To increase the total output current through a connected load, the output channels  
must be connected in parallel. Refer to section 5.6.1.  
To increase the total output voltage over a connected load, the output channels  
must be connected in series. Refer to section 5.6.2.  
This section also describes the way to connect more than one load to an output  
channel (multiple loads). Refer to section 5.6.3.  
CAUTION: Only output channels with equivalent voltage and current ratings may  
be connected in series or in parallel to prevent that the channel with  
the lowest output ratings will be damaged.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 29  
5.6.1  
Parallel connection of output channels  
Note:  
For the PM2812 and PM2813 you can face a number of restrictions  
when connecting output channels in parallel to a load. Please read  
Appendix D to get more information of parallel connection of output  
channels fore these instruments.  
For the PM2831 and PM2832, parallel connection of output channels is  
only possible in the source (non-sink) mode  
Connecting output channels in parallel provides a greater current capability than  
can be obtained from a single output channel. In principle, you can put more than  
two output channels in parallel.  
Output channels in parallel configurations can operate in either Constant Voltage  
(CV) or in Constant Current (CC).  
When channels are connected in parallel with the intention of increasing the  
current capability, it is advised that you set all channels to the same voltage. When  
the channels have the same power characteristics, set them to the same current  
value.  
In general, you can handle the following procedure.  
Set the power supply to STANDBY before making any connections.  
Connect the channels in parallel.  
If a constant voltage is required accross the load, proceed as follows.  
Program the voltage setting of all channels equal to the constant voltage  
required.  
Calculate the maximum current needed for the load (Imax). Count with the  
minimum value of Rload  
Program the current setting of the individual channels so that the sum of the  
values is equal to Imax  
Now you may set the power supply to the operate mode.  
.
.
If a constant current is required through the load, proceed as follows.  
Program the current setting of the individual channels so that the sum of the  
values is equal to the value of the constant current required.  
Calculate the maximum voltage needed to supply the constant current. Count  
with the maximum value of Rload  
.
Program the voltage setting of all channels equal to the maximum voltage  
needed.  
Now you may set the power supply to the operate mode.  
 
5 - 30  
Users Manual  
If neither constant voltage nor constant current is required, you may program  
typical values as well.  
There are two ways of sensing the load when connecting output channels in  
parallel: local sensing and remote sensing.  
Local sensing (outputs in parallel):  
Connecting the load wires directly to the +V and -V terminals of output channel 2  
keeps the number and the total length of the load wires to a minimum. The  
following diagram shows the wiring scheme.  
+S  
+V  
OUTPUT 1  
V
S
TWISTED  
PAIR  
+S  
+
+V  
OUTPUT 2  
LOAD  
V
S
ST5872  
Figure 5.6.1 Local Sensing with Two Outputs in Parallel  
CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from  
the environment.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
Remote sensing (outputs in parallel):  
5 - 31  
The sense wires are connected from the load to the +S and -S terminals of output  
channel 2. This compensates for the voltage drop in the wires from the load to the  
+V and -V terminals. The following diagram shows the wiring scheme.  
+S  
+V  
OUTPUT 1  
V
S
TWISTED  
PAIR  
+S  
+
+V  
OUTPUT 2  
LOAD  
V
S
ST5873  
Figure 5.6.2 Remote Sensing with Two Outputs in Parallel  
CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from  
the environment.  
 
5 - 32  
Users Manual  
5.6.2  
Serial connection of output channels  
Connecting output channels in series provides a greater voltage capability than  
can be obtained from a single output channel. In principle, you can put more than  
two output channels in series. However, there is the limitation that the total  
maximum voltage of each terminal may not exceed 240V with respect to the  
ground.  
Output channels in serial configurations can operate in either Constant Voltage  
(CV) or in Constant Current (CC).  
CV OPERATION  
For CV operation all output channels must be in the CV mode. Program the  
current setting of all output channels to the desired current limit point. Then  
program the voltage setting of each output channel, so that the sum of all  
voltages equals the total desired operating voltage. The simplest way to  
accomplish this is to program each output channel to an equal part of the total  
desired operating voltage, e.g., three output channel settings of 25 V in series  
provide 75 V.  
CC OPERATION  
For CC operation the current setting of each output channel must be  
programmed to the desired operating current. The sum of the voltage settings  
determines the voltage limit points. As an example, consider two output  
channels in series (refer also to section 5.6.2.1). Program the voltage setting  
of both output channels to one half of the total voltage limit point. At load  
voltages < 1/2 of the total voltage limit point, one output channel will operate  
in the CC mode. At load voltages > 1/2 of the total voltage limit point, the output  
channel that was in the CC mode will change to the CV mode, while the other  
output channel will regulate the current in the CC mode and provide the  
balance of the voltage required by the load.  
Note that the total voltage over the load is the sum of the individual readback  
output voltages, provided the load voltage < 1/2 of total voltage limit point.  
WARNING: To guarantee the safe use of the power supply, the total  
maximum voltage at each terminal must not exceed 240V with  
respect to ground.  
There are two ways of sensing the load when connecting output channels in  
series, i.e., local sensing and remote sensing.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
Local sensing (outputs in series):  
5 - 33  
Connect the load wires to the +V terminal of output channel 1 and the -V terminal  
of output channel 2, and interconnect the -V terminal of output channel 1 and the  
+V terminal of output channel 2. Connecting the +S of output channel 2 to the -S  
of output channel 1, while removing the local sense jumper between +S and +V  
of output channel 2, will compensate for the voltage drop across the wires from  
output channel 2 to output channel 1. The following diagram shows the wiring  
scheme.  
+S  
+V  
OUTPUT 1  
V
S
+
LOAD  
+S  
+V  
OUTPUT 2  
V
S
ST5874  
Figure 5.6.3 Local Sensing with Two Outputs in Series  
 
5 - 34  
Users Manual  
Remote sensing (outputs in series):  
Connecting extra sense wires from the load to the +S terminal of output channel  
1 and the -S terminal of output channel 2 compensates for the voltage drop in the  
wires from the load to the +V and -V terminals. Connecting the +S of output  
channel 2 to the -S of output channel 1, while removing the local sense jumper  
between +S and +V of output channel 2, will compensate for the voltage drop  
across the wires from output channel 2 to output channel 1.The following diagram  
shows the wiring scheme.  
+S  
+V  
OUTPUT 1  
V
S
+
LOAD  
+S  
+V  
OUTPUT 2  
V
S
ST5875  
Figure 5.6.4 Remote Sensing with Two Outputs in Series  
CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from  
the environment.  
 
Using your Programmable Power Supply  
5 - 35  
5.6.3  
Parallel connection of loads  
If more than one load is connected to an output channel, use separate wires to  
connect each load. This minimizes mutual coupling effects and takes full  
advantage of the power supply’s low output impedance. Each pair of wires should  
be as short as possible to reduce wire inductance and noise pickup. The loads  
must be connected in parallel, not in series, so that loads are not mutually  
influenced by load fluctuations.  
It is advised to use a pair of DC distribution terminals (DT) not located at the  
output channel terminals.  
Note:  
In principle, there is no restriction about the number of loads that can be  
connected. Remote voltage sensing is recommended if one load is more  
sensitive than the other(s); therefore, sense directly at the most sensitive  
load.  
Local sensing (loads in parallel):  
The following diagram shows the wiring scheme.  
+
+S  
LOAD  
DT+  
DT  
+V  
V
+
S
LOAD  
ST5866  
Figure 5.6.5 Local Sensing withTwo Loads in Parallel  
If local sensing is used, locate the distribution terminals (DT) as near as possible  
to the output channel terminals.  
 
5 - 36  
Users Manual  
Remote sensing (loads in parallel):  
The following diagram shows the wiring scheme.  
+
+S  
LOAD  
DT+  
DT  
+V  
V
+
S
LOAD  
ST5867  
Figure 5.6.6 Remote Sensing withTwo Loads in Parallel  
If remote sensing is used, locate the distribution terminals (DT) as near as  
possible to the load terminals.  
CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from  
the environment.  
5.6.4  
Tips for Remote Sensing Applications  
Prevent Output Noise  
It is advised to twist or to shield the sense leads to minimize the pickup of  
envirionmental noise. If the sense leads are twisted, run them parallel and close  
to the load leads. In environments with heavy noise, it may be necessary to shield  
the sense leads. Connect the shield to ground at the power supply end only.  
Prevent Instability  
The impedance of the load leads together with the capacitance of the load can form  
a filter , which may cause a phase shift in the sense feedback loop. This can cause  
instability or even oscillations, which must be prevented. If there is doubt about the  
stability of the output, you can check this with an oscilloscope. There are no simple  
rules to prevent instability for all circumstances, but the following guidelines are  
valid most often:  
1. Use short leads with low resistance for the load and the sense connections.  
2. Twist the load leads together to minimize additional inductance.  
3. Twist the sense leads together (or shield them) to minimize interference with  
the environment.  
4. Keep the load capacitance as small as possible.  
 
Accessories  
A - 1  
APPENDIX A ACCESSORIES  
A.1 Supplied with the instrument  
Reference Manual English  
:
4822 872 00827  
Operation Manual English  
Operation Manual German  
Operation Manual French  
:
:
:
4822 872 00824, or  
4822 872 00825, or  
4822 872 00826  
Power Cord EURO  
Power Cord SWISS  
Power Cord UK  
:
:
:
:
5322 321 23297, or  
5322 321 10679, or  
5322 321 10681, or  
5322 321 10644  
Power Cord USA  
Two spare fuses  
Two mounting brackets (not with PM2811)  
A.2 Optional  
The following accessories can be ordered via your local Fluke Sales and Service  
Center.  
19” Rack mount (with other 19” units)  
:
PM9280/03  
Service Manual PM2811/12/13  
Service manual PM2831/32  
:
:
4822 872 85005  
4822 872 85004  
Standard Commands for  
Programmable Instruments  
:
4822 872 80194  
 
 
SCPI Conformance Information  
B - 1  
APPENDIX B  
SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION  
This instrument complies to the SCPI standard version 1993.0. The following  
classes of commands and queries have been implemented:  
B.1 IEEE 488.2-1987  
CLS  
ESE  
ESE?  
ESR?  
IDN?  
OPC  
OPC?  
PSC  
PSC?  
RCL  
RST  
SAV  
SRE  
SRE?  
STB?  
TRG  
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
TST?  
WAI  
*
*
B.2 SCPI Std 1993.0 Confirmed  
:ABORT  
:CALIBRATION:STATE  
:CALIBRATION:STATE?  
:CALIBRATION:VALUE  
:CALIBRATION:AUTO  
:DISPLAY:ENABLE  
:DISPLAY:ENABLE?  
:DISPLAY:CONTRAST  
:DISPLAY:CONTRAST?  
 
B - 2  
Users Manual  
:DISPLAY:WINDOW:TEXT:DATA  
:DISPLAY:WINDOW:TEXT:DATA?  
:INITIATE:IMMEDIATE  
:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS  
:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS?  
:INSTRUMENT:SELECT  
:INSTRUMENT:SELECT?  
:INSTRUMENT:NSELECT  
:INSTRUMENT:NSELECT?  
:INSTRUMENT:DEFINE  
:INSTRUMENT:DEFINE?  
:INSTRUMENT:DELETE:NAME  
:INSTRUMENT:DELETE:ALL  
:INSTRUMENT:CATALOG?  
:INSTRUMENT:STATE  
:INSTRUMENT:STATE?  
:MEASURE:SCALAR:VOLTAGE:DC?  
:MEASURE:SCALAR:CURRENT:DC?  
:OUTPUT:STATE  
:OUTPUT:STATE?  
:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:TRIPPED?  
:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:CLEAR  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE?  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:LIMIT:HIGH?  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:LIMIT:LOW?  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:TRIPPED?  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:STATE  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:STATE?  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE?  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LIMIT:HIGH?  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LIMIT:LOW?  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:PROTECTION:LEVEL  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:PROTECTION:LEVEL?  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:PROTECTION:TRIPPED?  
:SOURCE:POWER:LIMIT:HIGH?  
:SOURCE:FUNCTION:MODE?  
 
SCPI Conformance Information  
B - 3  
:SOURCE:LIST:VOLTAGE  
:SOURCE:LIST:VOLTAGE:POINTS?  
:SOURCE:LIST:CURRENT  
:SOURCE:LIST:CURRENT:POINTS?  
:SOURCE:LIST:GENERATION  
:SOURCE:LIST:GENERATION?  
:SOURCE:LIST:INDEX:NSELECT  
:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:START  
:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:STOP  
:STATUS:OPERATION:EVENT?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE  
:STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:PTRANSITION  
:STATUS:OPERATION:PTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:NTRANSITION  
:STATUS:OPERATION:NTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:EVENT?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:CONDITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:EVENT?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:CONDITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION  
:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:PRESET  
:STATUS:QUEUE:NEXT?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:EVENT?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:CONDITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:PTRANSITION  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:PTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:NTRANSITION  
 
B - 4  
Users Manual  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:NTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:EVENT?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:CONDITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:EVENT?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:CONDITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION?  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION  
:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION?  
:SYSTEM:KLOCK  
:SYSTEM:KLOCK?  
:SYSTEM:ERROR?  
:SYSTEM:SET  
:SYSTEM:SET?  
:SYSTEM:VERSION  
:SYSTEM:VERSION?  
:SYSTEM:VERSION 1990.0  
:SYSTEM:VERSION 1993.0  
B.3 SCPI approved  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO?  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO  
:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO?  
 
SCPI Conformance Information  
B - 5  
B.4 SCPI syntax and style  
REMARK: It is advised that you use the :SYSTEM:VERSION command to  
control compatibility of the application program with respect to the  
SCPI implementation of the programmable power supply used. This  
is helpful for future SCPI compatibility.  
:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:INSTRUMENT  
:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:INSTRUMENT?  
:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:STATE  
:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:STATE?  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:DELAY  
:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:DELAY?  
:SOURCE:LIST:INDEX:NSELECT  
:SOURCE:LIST:INDEX:NSELECT?  
:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:START  
:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:START?  
:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:STOP  
:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:STOP?  
:SOURCE:LIST:TIMER  
:SOURCE:LIST:TIMER?  
:SOURCE:LIST:SOURCE  
:SOURCE:LIST:SOURCE?  
:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:STATE  
:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:STATE?  
:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:SELECT  
:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:SELECT?  
:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:PWORD  
:SYSTEM:POCLEAR  
:SYSTEM:POCLEAR?  
:SYSTEM:VERSION  
:TEST:INSTRUMENT?  
:TEST:SYSTEM?  
 
 
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms  
C - 1  
APPENDIX C  
ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS & TERMS  
C.1 Abbreviations  
-
-
-
-
-
-
ac  
ADDA  
AH  
AMPL  
ANSI  
AUX  
=
=
=
=
=
=
Alternating current  
Analog/Digital - Digital/Analog  
Acceptor Handshake  
Amplitude  
American National Standards Institute  
Auxilliary  
-
BNC  
=
Bayonet Normal Connector  
-
-
-
-
-
-
CAL  
CAT  
CC  
CLE  
CLS  
CISPR  
=
=
=
=
=
=
Calibration  
Catalog  
Constant Current  
Clear  
Clear screen or Clear status  
Comité International Special des Pertubations  
Radioélectriques  
Condition  
Configuration or configure  
Contrast  
Coupling  
Coupled Parameters  
Central Processor Unit  
Canadian Standards Association  
Current  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
COND  
CONF  
CONT  
COUP  
CP  
CPU  
CSA  
CURR  
CV  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Constant Voltage  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
dc  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Direct current  
Define or default  
Delete or delay  
Display enable  
Diagnostics  
Disable  
DEF  
DEL  
DEN  
DIAG  
DIS(AB)  
DISP  
DT  
Display  
Device Trigger  
-
-
EMC  
EMI  
=
=
Electro Magnetic Compatibility  
Electro Magnetic Interference  
 
C - 2  
Users Manual  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EMS  
EN(AB)  
ERR  
ESB  
ESE  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Electro Magnetic Susceptibility  
Enable  
Error  
Event Summary Bit  
Event Status Enable  
Event Status Register  
European  
ESR  
EURO  
EVEN  
EXT  
Event  
External  
-
-
-
FL  
FLT  
FUNC  
=
=
=
Failure  
Fault  
Function  
-
-
-
GEN  
GET  
GPIB  
=
=
=
Generation  
Group Execute Trigger  
General Purpose Interface Bus  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IEC  
IEEE  
IDN  
IMM  
IND  
INIT  
INST  
INT  
I/O or IO  
ISUM  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
International Electrotechnical Commission  
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers  
Identification  
Immediate  
Index  
Initiate  
Instrument  
Internal  
Input Output  
Instrument summary  
-
KLOC  
=
Keyboard lock  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LCD  
LCL  
LEV  
LIM  
LRN  
LSB  
LSD  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Liquid Crystal Display  
Local  
Level  
Limit  
Learn  
Least Significant Bit  
Least Significant Digit  
-
-
-
-
MAV  
MAX  
MEAS  
MIL  
=
=
=
=
Message available  
Maximum  
Measure(ment)  
Military  
 
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms  
C - 3  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MIN  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Minimum  
Mode  
MOD  
MSB  
MSD  
MSS  
MTBF  
MTTR  
Most Significant Bit  
Most Significant Digit  
Master Summary Status  
Mean Time Between Failures  
Mean Time To Repair  
-
-
-
NRF  
NSEL  
NTR  
=
=
=
Numeric forgiving  
Numeric select  
Negative transition  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
OC(P)  
OPC  
OPR  
OPER  
OPT  
OUTP  
OV(P)  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Overcurrent (Protection)  
Operation complete  
Operate  
Operation  
Option  
Output  
Overvoltage (Protection)  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PARD  
PC  
PMT  
PON(C)  
POW  
pp  
PPS  
PROT  
PS  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Periodic And Random Deviation  
Personal Computer  
Program Message Terminator  
Power ON (Clear)  
Power  
peak to peak  
Programmable Power Supply  
Protection  
Personal System  
PSC  
PTR  
PWOR  
Power on Status Clear  
Positive transition  
Password  
-
QUES  
=
Questionable  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
RAM  
RCL  
REM  
RFI  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Random Access Memory  
Recall  
Remote  
Radio Frequency Interference  
root mean square  
Read Only Memory  
Request Service  
Reset  
rms  
ROM  
RQS  
RST  
 
C - 4  
Users Manual  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
SAV  
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Sense  
Save  
Scalar  
SCAL  
SCPI  
SEL  
SEQ  
SRE  
SR(Q)  
SOUR  
STAT  
STB  
Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments  
Select  
Sequence  
Service Request Enable  
Service Request  
Source  
State  
Status byte  
Standby  
Step  
System  
STBY  
STP  
SYST  
-
-
-
-
TC  
=
=
=
=
Temperature Coefficient  
TRG  
TRIP  
TST  
Trigger  
Tripped  
Test  
-
-
-
-
-
UK  
UL  
UNPR  
UNR  
USA  
=
=
=
=
=
United Kingdom  
Underwriters Laboratories  
Unprotect  
Unregulated  
United States of America  
-
-
-
-
VAL  
VDE  
VERS  
VOLT  
=
=
=
=
Value  
Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker  
Version  
Voltage  
-
WIND  
=
Window  
 
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms  
C - 5  
C.2 Glossary of symbols  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
%
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
percentage  
beginning of a common command/query  
separation sign for commands/queries  
beginning of a subsystem command/query part  
*
,
:
?
°
A
C
d
ft  
g
end of a query  
degree (e.g. °C =degree Celsius)  
Ampere  
Celsius  
differentiate, e.g., di (derived current)  
foot  
gravity (m/s2)  
Hertz  
Hz  
I
K
current  
Kelvin  
meter  
m
mA  
ms  
mV  
MHz  
OC  
OV  
P
R
s
t
µ
U
V
W
Z
[ . . . ]  
{ . . . }  
|
milliampere  
millisecond  
millivolt  
Megahertz  
Overcurrent  
Overvoltage  
Power  
Resistance  
second  
time  
micro, e.g., µs  
voltage  
Volt  
Watt  
Impedance  
command/query part that may be omitted (default node)  
command/query part that can be repeated  
sign to indicate a choice (. . . or . . . )  
 
C - 6  
Users Manual  
C.3 Glossary of terms  
AUTORANGING  
A power supply is autoranging if it can supply the maximum rated power over the  
continuous range of voltage and current.  
CALIBRATION MODE  
In this mode the power supply can be adjusted to comply with external calibration  
standards.  
DRIFT  
The maximum change of the regulated output voltage or current during an 8-hour  
period (long term drift), following a 30-minute warm-up period (short term drift). All  
influence and control quantities must remain constant during these periods.  
Drift includes both random and periodic deviations over the bandwidth from zero  
frequency (DC) to the upper frequency limit.  
LOAD EFFECT (load regulation)  
The load effect is the maximum change in the steady state of the regulated output  
voltage or current, resulting from a full load change in the load current of a  
CV supply or in the load voltage of a CC supply.  
LOCAL MODE (opposite of the REMOTE mode)  
In this mode the power supply can be operated locally via the keypad control  
keys.  
LOCAL SENSING  
The voltage is sensed directly at the power supply terminals. The power supply is  
shipped from the factory with local sensing.  
OPERATE MODE (opposite of the STANDBY mode)  
In this mode the power supply is able to deliver power.  
PARD (ripple and noise)  
Periodic And Random Deviation of the DC output voltage or current from its  
average value over a specified bandwidth. All influence and control quantities  
must remain constant.  
PROGRAMMING ACCURACY  
Maximum deviation between the programmed value and the actual output value  
(at calibration temperature ± 2°C).  
 
Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms  
C - 7  
PROGRAMMING RESOLUTION  
Average programming step size. That is the smallest change that can be obtained  
either using the front panel keys or a controller.  
PROGRAMMING RESPONSE TIME  
The maximum time for the output to settle to a programmed value within a settling  
band, after having finished executing the settle command.  
READBACK ACCURACY  
Maximum error in the readback value of an output voltage or current (at  
calibration temperature ± 2°C).  
REMOTE MODE (opposite of the LOCAL mode)  
In this mode the power supply is programmed remotely from your PC via the  
GPIB.  
REMOTE SENSING  
A way of sensing in which a power supply monitors the voltage directly at the load  
via the extra sensing wires. The resulting circuit action compensates for the  
voltage drop in the wires to the load up to a maximum of 1 volt total.  
SOURCE EFFECT (line regulation)  
The maximum change in the steady state of the regulated output voltage or  
current, resulting from any change in the AC voltage source within the specified  
values.  
STANDBY MODE (opposite of the OPERATE mode)  
In this mode the power supply is operable, but the output channels are disabled  
(no power is supplied).  
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT  
The maximum change in the regulated output voltage or current per degree  
Celsius following a change in the ambient temperature after a 30 minute warm-up  
time.  
 
 
Application for PM2812 and PM2813  
D - 1  
APPENDIX D  
APPLICATION FOR PM2812 AND PM2813  
The following application support information is meant for the user who wants to  
extend the maximum current of the PM2812 or PM2813 Power Supply by parallel  
connection of channels.  
PARALLEL CONNECTION OF OUTPUT CHANNELS  
When you connect output channels in parallel to a load, be aware of the following:  
The 'down programmer'  
This is a circuit in the output channel that unloads the internal filter capacitors  
when the output voltage is set to a lower value, to achieve a short response time.  
The down programmer will have the same effect on (external) capacitive loads to  
shorten the response time. The down programmer will sink a fixed current (about  
10% of the rated current) as long as the voltage on the channel output is higher  
than the programmed setting.  
The down programmer will influence also the result of parallel connected  
channels when the channels are set to different voltages. The channel set to the  
lowest voltage will activate its down programmer, which will behave as a constant  
current load. This current is not shown by the display or by readback. Then the  
total current through the load is not equal to the total readback current of the  
channels.  
Example:  
Vset = 12V  
Iset = 5A  
5A  
10V  
8A  
CH1  
1.25Ω  
10V  
CC  
Vset = 10V  
Iset = 5A  
3A  
10V  
CH2  
CV  
Figure D.1  
Channels connected in parallel to a load. CH 1 in Constant Current  
mode, CH 2 in Constant Voltage mode.  
 
D - 2  
Users Manual  
This set-up will cause no problem as CH 1 supplies a constant current (CC) of 5A  
and CH 2 supplies the additional current needed in constant voltage mode (CV  
indicator).  
A problem will arise when the current needed by the load decreases below 5A, for  
example when the load resistance increases. This is illustrated by figure D.2.  
Vset = 12V  
Iset = 5A  
3.5A  
12V  
12V  
3A  
CH1  
4Ω  
CC  
Vset = 10V  
Iset = 5A  
-0.5A  
12V  
CH2  
CV  
Figure D.2  
Channels connected in parallel to a load. Both channels are in  
Constant Voltage mode.  
CH 1 will now enter the Constant Voltage (CV) mode, as the current needed by  
the load is less than Iset (5A). This implies that the voltage across the load will  
change to the highest Vset (12V). As Vset of CH 2 is 10V, its down programmer  
will become active, so that CH 1 will supply 3A plus the current the down  
programmer of CH 2 will sink. So this set-up is not suitable for load currents, which  
can be lower than Iset of the Constant Current channel.  
For this case there are two solutions. You can set the current of CH 1 to a value  
below 3A so that CH 1 will enter the Constant Current mode as indicated in  
Figure D.1. Or, you can set both channels to the same voltage, so that there will  
be a constant voltage across the load. When the voltages are exactly equal, the  
down programmer will not become active and the current through the load will be  
equal to the sum of the currents of the individual channels.  
Be careful in using the Standby and Disable modes  
Consider the following case. You have connected two channels in parallel. You  
don't need the second channel to supply current, because the first channel can  
supply enough current. You disable the second channel to switch it off. The down  
programmer of this channel will try to sink its output to 0V. As the first channel still  
supplies a voltage, the down programmer of the second channel will continuously  
sink current. This causes power dissipation inside the case, which must be  
prevented as the Power Supply is not designed for this use.  
 
Application for PM2812 and PM2813  
D - 3  
The same is valid for two parallel connected Power Supplies when one Power  
Supply is set to the Standby mode. The Standby mode, like the Disable mode, will  
try to sink all outputs to 0V. Then the down programmer can also become active  
when one Power Supply is still in Operate mode.  
Use Coupled Protection for parallel connected channels  
When one of the parallel connected channels is shut down by its protection circuit  
and the other channels are not, the shut down channel will activate its  
downprogrammer, trying to sink the output to 0V. This causes the same effect as  
disabling one channel while the others are still enabled.  
To prevent this set COUPLE PROT ON for each channel via the AUX key. Disable  
Overcurrent Protection for the channels that are used in Constant Current mode.  
Note:  
Coupled Protection is possible only for the channels in the same Power  
Supply.  
General advise to program parallel connected channels  
Try to prevent that the down programmer of a channel is continuously  
active. This causes unnecessary dissipation and will diminish the lifetime  
of the channel.  
The best way to prevent the down programmer of a channel to become active is  
to use at maximum one channel in Constant Voltage mode and all other channels  
in Constant Current mode. Whether this is possible or not depends on the load  
requirements. We will handle the following cases:  
Case 1: Constant Current.  
Case 2: Constant Voltage, Output Current from a fixed minimum value to the  
maximum.  
Case 3: Constant Voltage, Output Current from zero to the maximum.  
For all cases it is assumed that there are two or more channels needed to be able  
to supply the maximum current.  
Case 1: Constant Current  
If a fixed current is needed, program the current setting of the channels to an  
equal part of the required current. Program all channels, except one, to the  
maximum voltage needed plus a small margin to make sure that these channels  
will stay in the Constant Current mode. Use the one channel to regulate the  
voltage across the load in the range from 0V to the maximum.  
 
D - 4  
Users Manual  
Case 2: Constant Voltage, Output Current from a fixed minimum value to  
the maximum  
The following procedure is useful only if you have one channel that can cover the  
complete range from the minimum to the maximum and if the other channels  
together can supply the fixed minimum current.  
Program the current setting of the latter channels to an equal part of the minimum  
value and use these channels in the Constant Current mode. Use the one  
channel in the Constant Voltage mode. To make sure that the other channels will  
not leave the Constant Current mode, set their voltage to a value that is a little  
higher than the Constant Voltage required. Program the current setting of the  
Constant Voltage channel to a value that is sufficient to supply the maximum  
additional current required.  
If the minimum is 0A or if you don't have one channel that can cover the range  
from the minimum to the maximum, use the procedure given under Case 3.  
Example:  
Requirements:  
Load voltage 10V (constant).  
Load current 10A to 15A (variable).  
Protection: Over voltage 11V.  
Over current 15A.  
Available channel ratings:  
Three channels, all 60V/5A.  
Suitable settings:  
Channel 1: Vset = 10.1V, Iset = 5A, OVPset = 11V  
Channel 2: Vset = 10.1V, Iset = 5A, OVPset = 11V  
Channel 3: Vset = 10.0V, Iset = 5A, OVPset = 11V  
Set Coupled Protection ON via the AUX key. This will shut down all channels at  
once, when the protection circuit of any channel becomes active.  
Disable Overcurrent Protection of channels 1 and 2 with the OCP EN/OCP DIS  
key.  
Enable Overcurrent Protection of channel 3 with the OCP EN/OCP DIS key.  
 
Application for PM2812 and PM2813  
D - 5  
The channels 1 and 2 operate in the Constant Current mode, and Channel 3 in  
the Constant voltage mode.  
This example will not work if the current through the load decreases below 10A.  
Then the current contribution of Channel 3 is reduced to 0A, and either Channel  
1 or Channel 2 (or both) will enter the Constant Voltage mode (at 10.1V). As there  
are now at least two channels in Constant Voltage mode, the one with the lowest  
Vset (Channel 3) will activate its down programmer, sinking about 0.5A. If you are  
not quite certain about the minimum current required, you are advised to use the  
procedure given under case 3. Then you must adjust all channels exactly to 10V.  
Case 3: Constant Voltage, Output Current from 0A to the maximum  
This needs the most care to prevent a down programmer to become active,  
because all channels must be set exactly to the same voltage. This can best be  
done at low output currents. Do this as follows. Connect the channels in parallel.  
Connect a load that allows the required voltage and needs a small current, for  
example 1% of the required maximum current. Set all channels to the required  
Constant Voltage value and to an equal part of the required maximum current. If  
the voltages from all channels are exactly equal, then all channels will supply an  
equal part of the current. If a channel does not supply current (readback 0.00A),  
select this channel and use the -V+ button to carefully increase the voltage until  
the channel starts to supply current.  
Check if the other channels still supply current. If not, you may have increased the  
voltage of one channel to much. If all channels supply current, disconnect the load  
and connect the real load.  
 
 
Index  
I - 1  
INDEX  
19-Inch Rackmount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1  
A
Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9  
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1  
ADDA Output Channel Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9  
Automatic Stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
Automatic Step Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-23  
Autoranging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
C
CALibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4  
Calibration Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
CAUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1  
Channel  
Selecting an Output Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7  
Setting an Output Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12  
Clear Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Communication (D2B) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
Constant Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13  
Constant Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13  
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2  
Crossover Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13  
Current Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
Current Sink Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9  
Current  
Setting an Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9  
Programming an Output Current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14  
D
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4  
Display Controller Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
Display Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6  
Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
 
I - 2  
Users Manual  
E
EMI Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14  
Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4  
Environmental Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14  
External Step Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-26  
F
Family Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1  
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2  
Fault Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2  
Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2  
Fixed Load Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15  
Front Connection Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 3-4  
Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2  
Front Panel Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3  
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3  
G
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1  
GPIB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
GPIB Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
GPIB Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-28  
GPIB Controller Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
GPIB Device Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2  
GPIB (IEEE 488) Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2  
GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14  
I
Identify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
IEEE 488.1 Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
IEEE 488.2 Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1  
Initialization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Installation Instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1  
Instrument Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2  
Interface Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7  
Interface Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11  
Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-36  
 
Index  
I - 3  
L
Load Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
Load Lead Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10  
Loads in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35, 5-36  
Local Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9, 5-10, 5-30, 5-33, C-6  
Local Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
Local Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 5-2  
Local Lockout (LLO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3  
M
Manual Step Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22  
Microprocessor Timer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
Multiple Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13  
N
Noise Pickup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9, 2-11, 5-36  
Nonvolatile Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4  
O
Operate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4  
Operate Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
Output Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2  
Output Channel Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37, 5-8  
Output Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2  
Outputs in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30, 5-31  
Outputs in Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33, 5-34  
Overcurrent Protection  
Disable Overcurrent Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11  
Enable Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-10  
Reset Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11  
Overvoltage  
Programming the Overvoltage Trip Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9  
Reset Overvoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9  
P
Parallel Connection of Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-34  
Parallel Connection of Output Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11, 5-29, D-1  
PARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
Performance Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12  
Power Inlet Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4  
Power on Status Clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
 
I - 4  
Users Manual  
Power ON/OFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4  
Power Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4  
Programming Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6  
Programming Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7  
Programming Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7  
R
RAM Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
Readback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
Readback Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7  
Ready. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 3-6  
Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2  
Remote Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7  
Remote Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 5-3  
Remote Sensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9, 5-11, 5-31, 5-34, 5-36, C-7  
Reprogramming delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4  
Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Reset Overcurrent Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11  
Reset Overvoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9  
ROM Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
S
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1  
Safety Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14  
SCPI Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7  
SCPI Conformance Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1  
SCPI Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7  
Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4  
Sense Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9  
Serial Connection of Output Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11, 5-32  
Service Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1  
Service Request (SRQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
SET Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2  
SMB Cable Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1  
SMB Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2  
Source Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
Source Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7  
Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-36  
Standard Event status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4  
Standby Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7  
Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 3-6  
Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
 
Index  
I - 5  
Status Byte Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Status Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 3-6  
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22  
Stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
Start up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
Store/recall Front Panel Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Store/recall Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-19  
Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4  
Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
System Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
T
Temperature Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7  
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6, 2-8, 3-6  
Performance Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13  
Time interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4  
Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6  
Trigger Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2  
Trigger Bus Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-27  
Trigger Bus Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6  
Tutorial  
Local Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8  
V
Variable Load Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15  
Verification  
Performance Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12  
Voltage  
Programming an Output Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9  
Voltage drop due to Load Lead Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10  
Voltage Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8  
W
WARNING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1  
 

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